最小元

Position parameters were obtained from the simulation with the model of towed array.Based on the theory of radiated noise forming, the launch noise was simulated according to test condition in Laboratory,and the result showed the launch impulsion noise obeyed SαS distribution. The simulated noise attenuating in deep sea was analyzed with a sound loss translation model.Minimum variance distortionless response,spatially smoothed MVDR, and beam-space multiple signal classification algorithm were adopted to process the signal, hence the source level, the frequency structure and the location of the launch noise were achieved.

基于试验的实际情况，根据潜艇拖曳阵模型，仿真生成了各水听器阵元与本艇的位置关系；根据噪声源理论模型分析产生雷弹发射模拟噪声，利用SαS分布模拟武器发射冲击噪声，仿真分析模拟噪声在海洋环境中的传播衰减，对阵元信号分别利用最小方差无畸变响应法（MVDR 、空间平滑MVDR以及适应子带的波束域多重信号分类算法进行信号处理，得到发射噪声的声源级、频谱结构和方位。

Sobolev equation is widely used in many areas, such as hydromechanics, thermodynamics and so on.

中文摘要： Sobolev方程是在流体力学，热力学等领域应用广泛的一类方程，其有限元数值方法研究已有很多工作，如[5]中提出了位移有限元法，[9]中建立了特征混合元方法，[7]提出了H1-Galerkin混合有限元方法，[10]中提出了最小二乘混合元方法。

From the minimum potential energy principle, the shape discrimination is transformed into the solution of minimum characteristic value.

将轧后板带离散为若干纵向条元，用三次样条插值函数和正弦函数构造挠度模式，根据最小势能原理，将板形判别——失稳判别——归结为最小特征值的求解。

The paper introduces the linear combined spectral model,provides a method for analyzing complex spectral-unmixing endmember from a known spectral data set by Constrained Least Squares Method.

介绍了线性混合光谱模型，提出了一种分析复合光谱的方法通过已有的光谱数据库，利用约束最小二乘法分离出像元组份，并能计算像元组份比。

On the ground that the covariance between the disturbing gravity field elements is not isotropic, the covariance matrix has a complicated structure (its submatrix being not repetitive Toeplitz matrix) and thus its degree cannot be degraded with transformation matrix method, so it cannot be put into practice. So far, the application of least squares collocation to the modeling and data processing of the horizontal disturbing gravity field observations has not been found in literature.

由于水平扰动场元之间的协方差并非各向同性，导致协方差矩阵结构复杂(子矩阵不是 Toeplitz 循环阵)，不能利用变换矩阵将其降阶，无法付诸实践，迄今尚无最小二乘配置理论应用于水平扰动场元观测量的模型化公式和数据处理方法。

By time-varying filtering, we realize the signal selectivity and interference suppression, especially for the signals with time-varying power spectrum. It is shown herein that conventional eigenstructure based methods are lower dimensional special case of the time-frequency subspace fitting method. The closed-form array response estimation algorithms for blind source separation in wireless communication is also developed in the dissertation by exploiting the data structure of second-order statistics of the array output in the presence of multipath. The proposed method achieves array response estimation with little constraint on signal property and propagation environment such as scatters or angular spread. Moreover, the array utilized here can be of arbitrary geometry and even uncalibrated. Since the closed-form solution is obtained, no misconvergency may occur and large amount of computation can be saved. The equivalent feed model and corresponding optimization designation are proposed to realize the downlink multi-user selective transmission. By coherent and non-coherent superposition of the electromagnetical field, multiple beams can be formed using a single array, so that each co-channel user signal is transmitted in each beam and will not interfered with each other. The proposed system scheme implements the digital beamforming and the channel allocation in the base band, therefore is suitable for the utilization of the radio software technology. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model are proved by the RF experiment.

在窄带条件下，GSC－SSF方法还可以提高阵列的虚拟孔径，从而提高估计的性能；可以证明，Cyclic DOA 和SC-SSF方法可看作该方法的特例或近似； 3、提出了二维GSC－SSF方法和宽带谱相关DOA矩阵方法，利用信号的循环平稳特性解决了宽带条件下二维 DOA 估计问题，并具有阵元数少、计算量较小的特点； 4、提出了时频子空间拟合和宽带时频DOA估计算法，将联合时频分析的理论和方法引入到阵列信号的空间谱估计研究中，利用时变滤波实现信号选择性测向和干扰抑制，特别适合于谱时变信号；可以证明传统特征结构法可看作是时频子空间拟合方法的特例； 5、提出了多用户环境下阵列响应的估计方法——CARE方法，该方法对信号结构和传播参数（主要是散射源分布与角度散布）的约束较少，适用于各种几何结构的阵列甚至未校准的阵列，能够直接得到阵列响应的闭式解，因此计算量小、稳健性好，不存在收敛问题； 6、提出了针对多用户下行选择性发送的阵列等效激励模型、优化设计方法及其系统实现方案，通过空间场的相干叠加与非相干叠加使得单一阵列能够形成多个波束，并保证各波束内的用户信号各不相同且相互干扰最小；其系统方案具有在基带实现数字波束成形、信道分配并便于软件无线电实现的特点，其有效性已得到外场实测数据的证实。

The main conclusions are the following:1 It is a effective means that making use of the high resolution remote sensing imagery has quickly and dynamically investigated and monitored the land use type ofRed Water River, and has carried through the four grades of classification, and its result has achieved the precision requirement of the minimum area of obvious land use type (cultivated land, field, economic forest) less than 9 pixel of imagery, area precision 9~27 pixel and 0.33 hectares.2 It is a high-efficient and feasible means that making use of the digital managing technology of wave band merging, precise geometry correction, imagery merging, imagery strengthening, imagery cut out and inlay, and making the orthograph, etc, and observing on the spot to data analysis, it has carried on people-computer interactive screen translating to the remote sensing imagery data of high resolution by using many kinds of geographical information systems soft ware.

主要结论如下： 1 利用高分辨率遥感影像进行快速、动态调查与监测红水河流域土地利用类型，并将土地利用类型进行到四级分类，达到重点地类图上最小面积9个像元，面积精度9～27个像元、1.5亩的精度要求，是一种行之有效的方法。

Finally, the splats are rendered from far to near by using elliptical weighted average filtering.

首先根据构造的移动最小二乘曲面计算采样点的表面几何属性，然后根据协方差分析确定点元在其切平面上的椭圆表示，最后采用椭圆加权平均滤波从远到近单遍绘制各点元。

Based on moving least squares surface, the differential properties of each sample point on PSO are first evaluated. In terms of covariance analysis, the elliptical splat of sample point is then determined on its tangent plane. Finally, the splats are rendered from far to near by using elliptical weighted average filtering. According to the differential properties, moreover, the suggestive contours of PSG are attained so that non-photorealistic rendering of PSG is realized.

首先根据构造的移动最小二乘曲面计算采样点的表面几何属性，然后根据协方差分析确定点元在其切平面上的椭圆表示，最后采用椭圆加权平均滤波从远到近单遍绘制各点元，此外，根据表面几何属性确定点模型的轮廓线，实现了点模型的非真实感绘制。

A short frame is a frame smaller than the minimum legal size of 64 octets, with a good frame check sequence.

短讯框是比最小合法64个八位元尺寸还小的讯框，它有良好的讯框检查序列。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。