最小值

This article takes calibration data of assorted pressure gauge and jack of Qingfeng Bridge in Ningbo for example. According to that the quadratic sum of deviation in actual value and trend value has the minimum and extremal condition of the function,that is least square method.

本文以宁波市庆丰桥配套的千斤顶和压力表的标定数据为例，以实际值与趋势值的偏差的平方和最小为依据，根据函数存在的极值条件，求出线性方程，此为最小二乘法。

The representation of sequences is very helpful for the research of their linear complexity,so this paper we first research trace representation of periodic sequences,and the trace representation of a New Generalized Cyclotomic Sequence of order two of length pq is given,then for 2~mp~n period binary sequences,where p is an odd prime and 2 is a primitive root modulo p~2,we present a relation-ship between the linear complexity and the minimum value k for which the k-error linear complexity is strictly less than the linear complexity and have the upper bound and lower bound of the value k, finally we discuss the k-error linear complexity of legendre sequences,also have the upper bound and lower bound of the value k,and discusses the situation where the linear complexity drop again for some Legendre sequences.

序列的表达形式对于其线性复杂度的研究是十分有帮助的，本文我们首先研究的是周期序列的迹表示，给出了2阶pq长度的扩展分圆序列的迹表示，然后讨论了周期为2~mp~n(m≥2)序列的线性复杂度与使得线性复杂度变小的最小的k值的关系，给出了k值的上界和下界，这里p为奇素数，2是模p~2的本原根，并通过例子讨论了其线性复杂度的稳定性，最后对Legendre序列k-错线性复杂度进行了分析，也给出了k值的上界和下界，并对某些Legendre序列讨论了线性复杂度再次下降的情况。

This paper establishes mathematical models of unsteady and Non-Darcy low speed flow through the porous media and the double porous medium, and has obtained their solutions in an infinite reservoir through Laplace transformation, and their long time asymptotic solutions has been worked out, solutions on a bounded reservoir has also obtained through finite integral transformation and Laplace transformation.

从现场上各种水淹的实际资料来看，同一水动力的非均质油层系统中，渗透率相对较高的部分水洗之后，渗透率相对较低部分的油层却可以原封不动。而且，其渗透率可达达西级，含油饱和度可达80％以上。相对流动比(即同一水动力的非均质油层系统中，小层平均渗透率的最大值与其中不流动部分的小层平均渗透率的最大值相比)的比值在各种油层的生产实例中十分相近。一般的分布范围为3—7，常见的为4—6。实验室结果和生产实践基本相同。简单的注水和压裂对这一比值几乎无影响。

In the 65 recorded neurons, the results showed: Characteristic frequency , minimum threshold and response latency was between 18.9 and 76.7 kHz (42.94 ± 11.29), 29 and 80dB SPL (58.65 ± 12.62), 3.1 and 13.4 ms (6.10 ± 1.47), respectively; CFs increased with the recording depth, but CF and MT were not correlated; There were three different types of discharge patterns in the IC, including phasic pattern (73.9%), chopper (15.4%) and tonic (10.7%); The types of frequency tuning curves were all V-shaped, most of which were wide type and few were narrow type.

结果发现，在所得的65个下丘神经元中：特征频率在18.9～76.7kHz(42.94±11.29)之间，最小阈值在29～80dB SPL(58.65±12.62)之间，潜伏期在3.1～10.4ms(6.10±1.47)之间；特征频率随记录深度的增加而增大，与最小阈值之间没有显著相关性；发放类型包括相位型(73.9%)、梳齿型(15.4%)和紧张型(10.7%)3种基本类型；频率调谐曲线均为开峰型，多数神经元(72.3%)调谐曲线较宽阔，少数(27.7%)较狭窄，并且多数神经元的频率调谐曲线高频边比低频边陡。

On the design of algorithms, a novel exact hierarchical delay analysis method for general circuits is proposed; based on the sensitization theorem for sequential circuits, an exact minimizing clocking method is proposed; based on Boolean process, a waveform simulation method considering interconnecting delay for logic circuit and a parallel waveform simulation method are proposed; a new method that transforms bit-level waveform polynomial to word-level polynomial model is proposed; a multiple valued synthesis algorithm based on multiple valued Boolean process and a wire-centered delay synthesis policy are proposed, in which timing planning, floorplanning, wire planning and optimal clock skew in early design are considered; a two-layers channel routing method for minimizing crosstalk under grid mode is proposed; based on the transition numbers theorems for waveform polynomial, a new method for generation of test with noise effects is proposed.

算法设计方面，提出了一种精确的通用电路层次化延时分析方法；基于时序电路的敏化定理提出时序电路最小时钟周期精确确定方法；提出基于Boolean过程论的考虑互连延迟的逻辑电路波形模拟方法，在分析了波形模拟适合并行化基础上，进一步提出一种并行波形模拟算法；提出一种将位级电路波形多项式描述转化成字级多项式描述的新方法；提出一种基于多值Boolean过程的多值电路综合算法以及一种将前期设计定时规划、前期设计的布局规划和线网结构化方法及低偏移的时钟分配等技术相结合的面向互连延时的综合策略；提出一种串绕最小化的网格模式下的双层通道布线方法；从波形多项式描述跳变数的定理出发提出了一种考虑噪声效应的测试生成新方法。

In chapter three, we study the lower orientable strong radius and strong diameterof the Cartesian product of graphs and prove that: srad(G_1×G_2)= 2r(G_1×G_2),sdiam(G_1×G_2)≤min{sdiam(G_1)+sdiam(G_2), 2(G_1×G_2), 4r(G_1×G_2)}. Furthermore,we establish three sufficient conditions for sdiam(G_1×G_2)= 2d(G_1×G_2)holds and determine the values of the lower orientable strong diameters of somespecial graphs. Moreover, we give the exact value of SDIAM, a lowerbound for SDIAM, an upper and lower bound for SRAD andSRAD, respectively.

在第三章，研究了笛卡尔乘积图G_1×G_2的最小强半径，证明了如下结果：srad(G_1×G_2)=2r(G_1×G_2)，sdiam(G_1×G_2)≤min{sdiam(G_1)+sdiam(G_2)，2d(G_1×G_2)，4r(G_1×G_2)；给出sdiam(G_1×G_2)=2d(G_1×G_2)成立的三个充分条件，并由所给出的充分条件确定了一些特殊笛卡尔乘积图的最小强直径的值；确定了SDIAM的确切值，SDIAM的下界，SRAD和SRAD的上、下界。

More than 30 kinds of meshfree methods are reviewed in this paper in the light of weighted residual method, and different meshfree methods can be viewed as different forms of weighted residual method and/or with different approximation functions. Various kinds of meshfree approximate schemes are presented in detail, including moving least square approximation, kernel and reproducing kernel approximation, partition of unity approximation, radial basis approximation, radial point interpolation and natural neighbor interpolation.

详尽介绍了各种无网格近似方案(包括移动最小二乘近似、核近似和重构核近似、单位分解近似、径向基函数近似、点插值近似、自然邻接点插值近似等)和无网格法中常用的各类加权余量法(伽辽金格式、配点格式、局部弱形式、加权最小二乘格式和边界积分格式等)，并讨论了数值积分方法和边界条件的处理等问题。

In chapter 1, the achievement on multiple-valued logic at home andabroad is introduced briefly. In chapter 2, some decisions for theminimal covering of the regular separable sets in partialmultiple-valued logic is studied under the condition of σ=e andm=2 . We reach some conclusions that certain regular separable setsmustn't be the minimal covering of Pk under some conditions.

第一章，简要介绍了国内外在多值逻辑方面的研究成果；第二章，对部分多值逻辑中，当σ=e时，二元正则可离函数集最小覆盖之判定作了研究，并得出了当σ=e时，一些满足一定条件的二元正则可离函数集不是Pk 之最小覆盖成员的结论。

Through comprehensive comparison,during the growth from 1 age-degree bamboo to 2 age-degree bamboo,density, mechanical strength(except maximum tensile strength etc.),fraction of bundle sheath,cell wall ratio,crystallinity,cellulose content and lignin content increase rate are the greatest.3age-degree bamboo has higher strength,strength and gravity ratio andcrystallinity are the biggest,fraction of parenchyma is small and insect-resistant.2 degree bamboo has the greatest mechanical strength,but its strength andgravity ratio is not the highest and its crystallinity is lower than 3 age-degreebamboo due to its greatest fraction of parenchyma,loss tangent value is thebiggest.Its creep character is not good and is easily eaten by moth.

通过综合比较，竹材从1度竹到2度竹生长过程中，密度、力学强度、纤维束比量、胞壁率、结晶度、纤维素含量、木质素含量等指标增加幅度是最大的。3度竹强度较高，强重比、结晶度最高，薄壁组织含量较小，相对抗虫蛀，材质最好，适合材用。4度竹结晶度下降引起强度的下降，但薄壁组织组织比量最小，相对最抗虫蛀。2度竹力学强度最大，但是强重比并不是最大，结晶度比3度竹低，由于薄壁组织组织比量最大，内耗值最大，蠕变性能较差，同时相对易遭虫蛀。

To demodulate the OFDM signals accurately, channel estimation algorithms are adopted. This paper examines the slow-fading estimation algorithms based on block pilot arrangement: LS and LMMSE algorithms, as well as the fast-fading channel estimation algorithms based on comb-type pilot arrangement: linear and transform domain interpolation algorithms.

本文分析了导频分布的两种方案：1块状导频分布，对基于块状导频分布方案的慢衰落信道估计算法：最小平方和线性最小均方误差算法进行了计算机仿真，比较了二者的估计性能，以及各自的优缺点；2梳状导频分布，对基于这种分布方案的快衰落信道估计算法进行了研究，对两类经典算法：线性插值法和基于变换域的插值法分别进行了理论分析和计算机仿真。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。