最小

By means of analyzing the noise error, it is proposed to use an algorithm of singular value decomposition total least squares to conduct the interharmonics estimation, namely taking the noise interference at both sides of the matrix equation into account simultaneously and solving the minimum norm problem by least square method under such condition. In the proposed algorithm by means of singular value decomposition of a new augmented matrix and by use of a simple and practical method to determine the number of principal singular value related to signal to noise ratio, the storage calculation of right singular matrix is performed, thus a more accurate frequency estimation of interharmonics can be obtained.

通过分析噪声误差，提出采用奇异值总体最小二乘(singular value decomposition total least squares，SVDTLS)算法进行间谐波频率估计，即同时考虑矩阵方程两边的噪声干扰，采用SVDTLS算法求解该情况下的最小范数解，通过对增广矩阵进行奇异值分解(singular value decomposition，SVD)，采用简单实用的与信噪比相关的主奇异值个数确定方法对分解的右奇异矩阵进行存储计算，得到了较精确的间谐波频率估计结果。

Firstly, according to this character, primacy central point is detected by the exploring extremum method in the windows of 3×3 pixels. Then, basing on this central point, approximate normal line at ±45°、0°and 90°angle are drew.if the minimums of normal line is at central point and the difference between the minimums and the maximum in the normal line is more than the threshold, this point is considered to the edge point of image.

首先，在3×3象素的窗口中，如果中心值为最小值，则以该点为基础，以±45°、0°和90°方向作为近似法线带，然后判断该法线上的象素最小值是否在切点上（即是否在法线的中心点上），再通过检验切点与轮廓法线上亮度极大值的差值是否超过阈值，来判断切点是否为边缘轮廓上的点。

In order to improve the correct rate of enterprise's financial distress prediction and reduce the sample number and training time, renyi-entropy and least squares support vector machine is applied to the field of financial distress prediction on the basis of the traditional support vector machine prediction model and advances a kind of prediction model which is based on Renyi-entropy and LS-SVM.

为了提高企业财务困境预测的正确率，减少训练模型的样本数和训练时间，在传统支持向量机预测模型的基础上，将Renyi熵和最小二乘支持向量机算法应用于财务困境预测，提出了一种基于Renyi熵的最小二乘支持向量机预测模型。

Under weighted squared error loss, it is showed that a least favorable prior, when estimators are restricted to be polynomials of X with degree no more than k, exists and has at most (k+2)-point support, and its Bayes solution, under above restriction, is a k/sup th/ polynomial minimax estimator.

是观测值X的期望值，在X的多项式函数中，於加权平方误差损失之下，本文考虑使其最大风险最小化的多项式大中取小估计式。

So the algorithm is very effectiveand can be used with association for cluster method in BBL placement.

个态中选出包络矩形面积最小的问题，可归结为求n个态中的包络矩形面积最小，所以是很有效的算法。

We give several sufficient conditions for existence and uniqueness of least deviation point and its application in uniqueness of best approximation.

本文在一般线性赋范空间内提出点集的最小偏离问题，给出了最小偏离点的存在性与唯一性的各种充分性判据及其对于最佳逼近元唯一性问题的应用。

The estimators have all the nice properties of MLE and least square estimator, such as the asymptotic properties of MLE or those of a best linear unbiased estimator.

六、这个新方法同时具有极大可能性估计方法与最小平方估计方法的良好统计特质，例如极大可能性估计方法的渐近收敛性质和最小平方估计方法的最佳缘性不偏特性。

There are two findings summarized from previous studies:(1) the least squares estimator is a common choice of researchers, but under an unequal probability design, the estimator is biased,(2) the probability weighted estimator is consistent but may have a large variance.

过去的研究发现：(1)在不等机率抽样时，一般常用的最小平方法所得到的回归参数估计式并非不偏估计式；(2)机率加权最小平方法可以改善不偏性，然却增加估计的变异程度。

However, MLE is a biased estimator of the fold change and minimum variance estimator of the fold change exists under the log-normal distribution.

然而相对表现量在对数常态分布时应用最小变异不偏估计法较 MLE 具有不偏性和最小变异。

To overcome this problem, many authors proposed some biased estimators to alternate the least squared estimator. In some sense, these estimators improved the least squared estimator.However, the biased estimator was apart from the true value of parameter, so some statisticians proposed the notation of the almost unbiased estimator.

人们发现设计阵的"病态"是导致Stein现象的根源，为了克服共线性性，人们在文献中相继提出了许多有偏估计来替代最小二乘估计，这些估计从某种意义上讲，都改进了最小二乘估计。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。