最小

The results show that dynamic softening is easy to occur in these ingots and flow stress becomes steady finally; the material constants of hot deformation are procedural parameters that stress-level coefficient α, strain rate sensibility exponent m and deformation activation energy Q are all increased with strain increasing, while stress exponent n is decreased gradually; the values α and m of the alloy homogenized are the biggest and the value n is the smallest, dynamic softening effect of the alloy is the most obvious, which can deform evenly; influence of strain on the value Q of the alloy homogenized is a little and the average value of Q is only 176.5kJ/mol, so the alloy is easy to deform; the alloy matrix shows the regular recrystallization grains when the strain is 50%; dislocation cell structure re-formed in the grains with increase of strain.

结果表明：经不同处理的Al-1Mn-1Mg合金均易发生动态软化并最终呈现稳态流变特征；热变形材料常数是过程量，随应变量的增加，应力水平参数α、应变速率敏感性指数m和热变形激活能 Q 随之增大，而应力指数 n 则逐渐减小；均匀化退火后，铝合金的α和m值最大而n值最小，动态软化效果最明显且变形均匀，在该状态下，铝合金的 Q 值受变形量影响小，平均仅为176.5kJ/mol，易进行热变形；当应变量为0.7时，基体呈现规则的再结晶晶粒组织，随着应变量的增加，晶内重新形成了位错胞结构。

This paper concerns the problem of how to purchase the reinsurance in order to make the insurer and the reinsurer's total risk least under the standard deviation calculation principle.

本文在标准差保费计算原理下，同时从原保险人与再保险人双方的角度出发，考虑能使得双方风险波动达到最小的再保险策略，并且得出使得再保险双方的共同风险达到最小的最优再保险策略。

Model structure is determined according to the principle of minimizing residual sum of squares, model parameters are estimated by optimum instrumental variable method and prediction error method and validation of the model is performed by examining the whiteness of model residuals.

采用最小二乘法估计制动器ARX模型的参数，以损失函数最小为优化准则，判断了制动器模型的阶次。运用最优辅助变量法和预报误差法，对制动器ARMAX模型的参数进行了估计。

The results show that:①The mean length of Ligularia is the biggest, and the mean length of Ajania, Anaphalis and Artemisia is the smallest; the mean width of Aster and Ligularia is bigger than that of others; the mean length/width have lots of differences, the biggest being Senecio, and the smallest Artemisia.

①橐吾属连萼瘦果平均长度最大，亚菊属、香青属和蒿属连萼瘦果平均长度较小；紫菀属和橐吾属的平均宽度相对较大；长／宽的平均值在各属间相差很大，最大的为千里光属，蒿属最小。

The smaller bismuth ruthenate partical is, sheet resistivity is lower and temperature coefficient of resistance is more positive and the refiring change ratio is nearer to zero.

铅硼硅玻璃粉体平均粒径对厚膜电阻的性能影响有一极值点，约为1.51μm，在该点处膜层的方阻值最小，电阻温度系数绝对值最小，重烧变化率最接近零值。

The canopy interception will increase with the precipitation during at the beginning of rain, but it will keep stable later. The canopy interception quantity of six forest types is Mixed conifer forest, Pinus massoniana forest, Cupressus funebris forest, Conifer and broadleaf forest, Broadleaf forest and Shrubbery and grass land in order.There is much difference among the different species of the shrub and herbage.

林下灌草层不同的物种最大持水量有很大区别，在测定的物种中持水量最大的是糯米条，持水量最小的是柞木，糯米条的持水量接近柞木的3倍。6种森林类型林下灌草生物量从大到小依次是灌草地、马尾松林、针叶混交林、针阔混交林、阔叶林和柏木林；灌草层的持水量与其生物量具有密切关系，生物量多的持水量相应也多。

It is found thatthe fractal dimension D=1.25 corresponds to the lowest criticalcoupling constant αc=1.9,D=1.73 corresponds to the highest criticalratio of dielectric constants ηc=0.163,and when D≤1.145 bipolaronscan not exist at any rate.In chap,4,we will propose a novelapproach to the calculation of the exciton ground-state energy for thestrong-coupling case.Different from all previous methods,the wavefunction of the phonon part is assumed to take a form related to thewave function of the relative motion.We obtain the exciton energy bysolving the derived integrodifferential equation rather than select ahydrogen-like form to minimize the energy expectation.

结果发现，分数维的维数D＝1.25对应最小的临界的电-声耦合常数(αo＝1.9)，D＝1.73对应最大的临界的介电常数比(ηc＝0.163)，当分数维的维数D≤1.145时，双极化子无论如何也不可能存在，在第四章中，我们将提出一种新颖的变分方法来计算强耦合的激子-声子系统的基态能，不同于以前所有的方法，我们取声子的波函数与相对运动波函数有关的形式，而不是假定一个固定的关于相对运动坐标r的函数形式，得到相对运动波函数所满足的非线性的微分积分方程，我们数值求解这个微分积分方程得到系统基态能，而不是选择一个类氢原子的波函数变分使得能量的期待值最小。

Halogenated aromatic compounds with great q〓(the most negative net atomic charges on an atom of the molecule), ENC (electron-nuclear attraction energy of the one-center term for the carbon atoms of the weakest carbon-halogen bond), qc (thenet atomic charges on the carbon atom of the weakest carbon-halogen bond) and E〓 tend to be reductively dehalogenated slow, while halogenated aromatic compounds with high values of △E (the difference of front-line orbital energy), EEC (electron-electron repulsion energy of the one-center term for the carbon atoms of the weakest carbon-halogen bond), Mw, q〓 and α tend to be reductively dehalogenated fast.

卤代芳烃化合物的整个分子的最负的原子净电荷，键序最小的碳卤键中碳原子的单中心项电子-核吸引能，该碳-卤键上碳原子的净电荷和E〓与该卤代芳烃化合物还原脱卤的速率常数负相关；而前线轨道间隙能，键序最小的碳卤键中碳原子的单中心项电子-电子推斥能，Mw，q〓和α与该卤代芳烃化合物还原脱卤的速率常数正相关。

The first step is reviewing conventional methods of digital beam forming, including WINER method, Steepest-Descent method, LMS, RLS etc. Then , recent digital beam forming methods in the DS-CDMA mobile telecommunications systems are studied, including the algorithm based on least-squares despread respread Multi-Target array, least-squares Despread Respread Multi-Target Constant Modulus Array , Pilot bit LMS-DRMTA algorithm etc.

本文首先简介传统的DBF算法，包括维纳算法、最陡下降算法、最小均方算法、递归最小二乘算法等；然后介绍基于DS-CDMA移动通信系统的DBF算法，包括LS-DRMTA、LS-DRMTCMA导频LMS-DRMTA算法等；最后给出各种算法的仿真结果及分析。

Can produce all kinds of carbon steel, alloy steel, ductile iron and gray iron, stainless steel and other materials of the precision casting, casting the greatest weight of up to five kilograms, can achieve the minimum weight of 10 grams minimum wall thickness is only 1.5 mm, the annual production capacity of 600 tons.

可生产各种碳钢、合金钢、球墨铸铁、灰铁、不锈钢等材质的精密铸造件，最大铸件重量可达5千克，最小重量能达到10克最小壁厚仅为1.5mm，年生产能力达600吨。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。