最大变化

The echolocation signals of Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae are both long CF-FM with 1 harmonic and narrow FM bandwidth. But Rhinolophidae has longer duration, higher duty cycle and lower dominant frequency than Hipposideridae. All the echolocation signals of Vespertilionidae are short FM with 2-6 harmonics and wide FM bandwidth. Vespertilionidae has shorter duration and lower duty cycle than the other two families. There are obvious differences in dominant frequency between different species in this family.

菊头蝠科和蹄蝠科回声定位信号均为长CF-FM型，一般具有1个谐波，调频带很窄，但菊头蝠科的持续时间和能率环明显高于蹄蝠科，蹄蝠科能量最大处频率高于菊头蝠科；蝙蝠科回声定位信号均为短FM型，具有2～6个谐波，持续时间和能率环比其他两科低，调频带很宽，能量最大处频率在种间变化较大。

Through the topographical survey, literature research and analysis of the remote sensing images, we shall emphasize on the five factors of water conservancy, water flow, streams, water retaining and water utilization in the upper reaches of the river, which are interacted and interplayed.

研究结果表明，漓江为雨源性河流，降雨时空分配极不均匀，70%的降雨量集中在漓江上游区域，全年62.7%降雨量和降雨时间集中在四个月内(即4～7月)，最大的日降雨量可达415.8mm；降雨量最小的月份出现在12月至翌年1月，仅100～110mm，占全年降雨量的6%左右，由此直接影响流域河川径流季节性的变化，造成洪水期和枯水期现象，周期性水量的变化是不为人们意志改变的一种自然规律。

Bone metabolism was the most intense and variable parameter with the growing of age.

骨代谢变化是随年龄增长最剧烈、变化量最大的一个参数。

Bonding strength on China fir wood glued with Honduras mahogany is the highest for hot water resistance, owing to the lesser M.C.

各胶合剂在耐热水之试验中，因大叶桃花心木之含水率变化最小，所以杉木与大叶桃花心木之胶合强度最大。

In the No.1 lode, the largest one in the area, the ore-forming temperature changes greatly from 160-400℃, and the salinity of the ore fluids also changes greatly (0%-9%) with appa-rent boiling phenomena while the smaller lodes are of higher temperature（280-400℃）and lower salinity.

规模最大的1号矿脉，成矿温度变化区间比较宽（160~400℃），流体的盐度变化范围也大（0%~9%），沸腾作用明显；而在规模较小的矿脉中，温度比较高（280~400℃），盐度比较低。

The granules in wind-laid sand,including powder particulate and coherent granule are most fragile and inconstant due to influence of wind erosion and deposition.

受风蚀及风积作用的影响，风积沙中的细粒物质，包括粉粒与黏粒，是最易变化且变化最大的组分。

The pressure change process for the given section of diversion system,the speed change process for the water turbine and generator, the level fluctuation process for the surge tank and their maximum and minimum values all can be obtained at the same time.

本文对碧口水电站压力引水系统的非恒定流情况进行了分析计算，同时得出了引水系统指定断面的压力变化过程；水轮发电机组的转速变化过程；调压井的水位波动过程及相应的最大最小值。

As the experiment results show, the thrust at front end, body strain and surface deformation of slope have a great change in the upper part of slope, especially in the top part.

上部坡体的坡前推力、坡体变形、坡面变形都会产生较大的变化，其中靠近坡面的部分产生的变化最大。

The main research contents are as follows:1. Through massive calculation, analysis and comparison, sum up the similarities and differences between the special-shaped cross sections and rectangular cross sections in mechanical features, between reinforced concrete special-shaped columns and rectangular columns in load-bearing capacity, ductility performance and provide necessary basic concepts and data for further understanding the characteristics of the special-shaped columns;2. Through massive elastic calculations and elasto-plastic analysis, under the preconditions of satisfying the code's requirements for axial compression ratio, limit value of lateral displacement and load-bearing capacity of normal section,oblique section and beam-column joint, under circumstances of different intensity of earthquake, structure dead weight, sort of site and column grid bay dimension, the variation regularity of maximum suitable height of structure, and thus sum up the maximum suitable height of structure for code for the purpose of macro-control while deciding the design scheme;3. Make a preliminary study on the stress feature of reinforced concrete special-shaped column and Z-shaped column of which the ratio of limb length to limb thickness is between 4~5 ,and the preliminary design method is suggested;4. Through elato-plastic time history dynamic analysis of typical projects, check up the weak storey of the special-shaped column structure and yielding, breaking and collapse mechanism to satisfy the earthquake resistant requirement to buildings of remaining stand under strong earthquake;5. Derive for project use simplified calculation formula of vibration period, suitable vibration period, suitable rigidity of special-shaped column structure through theoretical analysis, and provide an easy and practical method for deciding the structure scheme economically, safely and reasonably;6. Based on the study achievements in theory and massive analysis and calculations of this paper, sum up the regularities of inner force, deformation of special-shaped column structure and seismic conceptual design, and thus the suggection of seismic design of special-shaped column structures is presented.

本文研究的主要内容如下：通过大量的计算、分析和对比，总结出异形截面与矩形截面在力学特性、钢筋混凝土异形截面柱与矩形截面柱在承载能力、延性性能等方面的异同，为深入了解异形截面柱的特点提供必要的基本概念和数据；通过大量的弹性及弹塑性计算分析，在满足规程对轴压比、侧移限值及正截面、斜截面、节点承载力抗震验算要求的前提下，在不同抗震设防烈度、结构自重、场地类别及柱网开间尺寸情况下最大适宜高度的变化规律，并在此基础上总结归纳出异形柱结构的最大适用高度规定，可用于规程，以便于在确定方案时起到宏观控制的作用；对肢长与肢厚比在4～5的钢筋混凝土异形截面柱及Z形柱的受力特点进行初步探讨，提出初步的设计方法；通过对典型工程的弹塑性动力时程分析，检验异形柱结构的薄弱层及屈服、破坏、倒塌机制，以达到建筑物大震不倒的抗震设防要求；通过理论分析，推导出异形柱结构自振周期，以及适宜自振周期、适宜刚度的工程实用简化计算公式，为经济、安全、合理地确定结构方案提供简便实用的方法；在本文理论分析、计算以及大量的研究成果基础上，总结归纳出异形柱结构内力、变形的规律及抗震概念设计内容，并在此基础上提出异形柱结构的抗震设计建议。

With sea level rise,the partial tide amplitude will be increased,but diminish in some part area;meanwhle tide counting position of partial tide moves unceasingly to southeast direction;Tide amplitude change causing by sea level rising can be taken the Lvsi port as the boundary,to the north,partial tide amplitude enhances unceasingly,and to south it diminishes,especially in destroyed Yellow river it has less enhancement;The region where has the largest increasing partial teide amplitude also the palce which has the quickest erosion rate.sea level rising has a good relation with the beach erosion.

2海平面上升后分潮的振幅将随之而变大，但在部分区域，分潮振幅随着海平面上升而减小；无潮点相对于现有的无潮点位置均向东南方向偏移；海平面上升导致的潮差变化，大致以吕四为界，以北随着海平面上升，分潮的振幅不断增大，以南振幅减小，其中在废黄河口附近的增幅也相对较小；潮差增大幅度最大的地区刚好是岸滩侵蚀最快的地区，海平面上升与岸滩侵蚀存在很好的对应关系。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。