最大变化

The shearing failure of structural plane is considered to be corresponding to the maximum of real contact area, a criterion is given to distinguish the shearing failure of structural plane and a new select method of shear strength is brought forward subsequently; Examine the influence of geometrical features and thickness of weak intercalation on the integrative strength of weak structural plane based on the composing of basic strengths, formative mechanism of shearing plane and failure pattern; and present the quantitative relation between the strength and thickness.

4详细研究了依附型滑动面中的硬性结构面和软弱结构面力学特性和破坏模式，对硬性结构面引入摩擦学中的粘着摩擦理论，着重研究结构面在剪切过程中实际接触面的变化规律，提出实际接触面积的最大点即为强度破坏点，并结合实际数据进行了验证；对软弱结构面则从其基本强度的组成、内部剪切面的形成机理和破坏模式入手，研究了结构面的几何特性、夹层厚度和强度关系对软弱结构面综合强度值的影响，并给出了定量关系式。

Changes in rheological properties and structure of shark fin s(gel strength,maximum breakage strain,shearing strength and fracture stress) were studied on shark fin s heated for various periods(1h,2h,3h,and 4h)by a texture meter.

研究了鱼翅在不同加热时间(1、2、3、4 h)条件下组织构造及其物性学参数(凝胶强度、最大破断应变、剪切应力、破断强度)变化，并测定了胶原蛋白含量。

Changes in rheological properties and structure of shark fins (gel strength, maximum breakage strain, shearing strength and fracture stress) were studied on shark fins heated for various periods (1h, 2h, 3h, and 4h) by a texture meter.

研究了鱼翅在不同加热时间(1、2、3、4h)条件下组织构造及其物性学参数（凝胶强度、最大破断应变、剪切应力、破断强度）变化，并测定了胶原蛋白含量。

For some calculating cases, it is analyzed that how the primary shearing stress and the average film thickness change during the whole course from the beginning to the end of meshing.

对部分算例，分别分析了一对轮齿从入齿到脱啮的整个啮合过程中最大主剪应力和平均油膜厚度的变化规律。

Chapter four studies the chaotic responses in a system consisting of simple pendulum and harmonic oscillator under bounded noise excitation. Firstly, the Melnikov function of the two-degree-of-freedom system under Hamiltonian perturbation is derived. The essential condition of the autonomous system for the probable onset of chaos is obtained, the Poincare maps of the system under small Hamiltonian perturbation and the effect of increasing perturbation on the Poincare maps are studies. Then for the non-autonomous system under damping and harmonic or bounded noise excitation, the largest Lyapunov exponent and Poincare maps are calculated. From the analysis of the largest Lyapunov exponent, the critical criterion for the onset of chaos, and the conclusion that the threshold of bounded noise amplitude for the onset of chaos in the system increases as the intensity parameter of Wiener process increases are obtained. The result from the analysis of Poincare maps is in agreement with that obtained from the Largest Lyapunov exponent. The effect of varying damping coefficient and intensity parameter of Wiener process is also analyzed.

第四章研究了有界噪声激励下的两自由度单摆—谐振子系统的混沌运动，首先推导了该两自由度系统仅在Hamilton扰动下的Melnikov函数，得到该自治系统可能产生混沌的必要条件；研究了该系统在小的Hamilton扰动和增大摄动情形下的Poincare截面；然后对有阻尼、谐和或有界噪声激励下的非自治系统数值计算了其最大Lyapunov指数和Poincare截面；从Lyapunov指数分析得到了这个两自由度系统产生混沌运动的临界条件及产生混沌的临界激励幅值随Wiener过程强度参数值的增大而增大的结论，Poincare截面分析的结果亦符合Lyapunov指数分析的结论；研究了Wiener过程强度参数、阻尼系数变化对Poincare截面的影响。

Based on the elastic-plastic plane strain theory, we set up FEM model including the influence of the constitution stress to simulate the mining process, and use the results of simulat.

在考虑水平最大构造主应力作用的基础上，建立了平面应变弹塑性有限元模型，用于模拟研究金川二矿区一号矿体在采矿过程中地表附近岩体应力状态的变化过程。

As the servo power limited resources, when the force reaches the maximum when the servo, that application of the vacuum chamber is zero (ie, a standard atmospheric pressure), servo power will be a constant, no change.

由于伺服力资源的有限性，当达到最大伺服力时，即应用气室的真空度为零时，伺服力将成为一个常量，不再发生变化。

By using statistical test estimation method, the economic growth coefficient and the largest shortfall of coal demand in this model were predicted and estimated.

由统计检验估计法，对模型中的经济增长系数及煤的需求最大缺口量进行了预侧估计，并考虑了在能源结构中，油气的消费变化对煤炭消费的影响。

Meanwhile, India is facing up more and more pressure from the international society due to its steady increasing of GHG emission, and the action plan also presented mitigation measures, such as improving energy efficiency and developing renewable energy.

方案中明确指出发展中国家是气候变化的最大受害者，发达国家应该承担温室气体减排的责任和义务；由于近年印度排放不断上升，方案也着重提出了提高能效、大力发展可再生能源等措施。

The tensile intensity and stiffness were measured after 45, 90 and 180 days separately after operation.

术后45、90 及180 d 测量移植物的刚度和最大抗拉强度的变化。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。