最佳系统

In order to prove the reliability, test studies have been primarily carried out in the indoor soil bin. The data of the vehicle driving state parameters under the same or different terrain are analyzed. The process curves are compared by different control schemes. The theoretical model of the optimum driving state is reliable and fuzzy control scheme is feasible. The disturbances and unknown factors of control system are analyzed. Test results prove that the half-tracked air-cushion vehicle can drive steadily under control of the computer. At the same time the sensors used to measure soil mechanics characteristics on line need to be developed. And it is the important problem to be solved in the future study. The necessary regulation and correction are put up. So the studies in this paper provide some instruction for the further research work.

为了验证本文提出的最佳工作状态及最佳垫压理论，并分析控制系统的可靠性和稳定性，本文在半履带式气垫车的模型车上，在室内土槽中进行了初步的实车性能和理论验证试验，考察了在同种和不同土壤条件下气垫车的行驶状态参数的测量数据，比较了采用不同控制方法下的过程曲线，验证了最佳工作状态的理论模型和模糊控制系统方案的可行性与可靠性，从而保证了采用自整定模糊PID控制器能够使半履带式气垫车在稳定行驶最佳工作状态下；同时通过试验研究，分析了系统中各干扰与未知因素，对控制方案进行了相应的调整和修正，为今后进一步的研究工作提供了一定的指导。

This thesis proposed two methods of particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm to optimal reactive power dispatch of transmission systems, respectively. The advantage of these methods is to achieve near optimal solution for discrete nonlinear optimization problem. So this thesis simulates the proposed method for IEEE 30-bus power system and a practical Taipower system.

本论文提出应用粒子群优法演算法和基因演算法，并使用电力潮流分析，调度输电系统中的无效功率，而粒子群优演算法和基因演算法，在求解非线性的离散解时，均能达到可能的最佳解，因此本文应用此两种方法对输电系统作最佳无效功率调度，并且使用IEEE 30-bus系统与实际台电系统作测试，比较此两种方法的调度结果。

In the traditional reservoir operation system, in general, we use the rule curve as a method of operation, and the reservoir rule curve is the result of system simulation method. Due to the regular and simple rule curve operation unable to satisfy the actual demand effectively. In order to improve the defect, there are many system planning theories and optimum seeking methods to find the optimum operation strategies. The reservoir operators are uncomfortable with the complicated optimum operation strategies. In this article the fuzzy inference model is used to establish a simple and effective operation rule for the reservoir operator.

在传统的水库操作系统中，一般都使用操作规线为操作方式，水库操作规线是系统模拟法所获得的结果，由於规律、简单的规线操作方式往往无法有效满足实际需求，为了改善传统操作上的缺点，近多有利用系统规划之理论，应用各种优选方法求取最佳操作策略，系统最佳操作策略其模式复杂，水库操作人员不易接受，故本文即以模糊推论系统建立一简单有效之操作规则予水库操作人员，作为水库操作放水之依据。

The advantageous aspects are: maximum aerodynamic penetration due to the driver's prone position; maximum exploitation of muscular output due to the antigravitational rotation of thighs; better venous and lymphatic circulation thanks to lower abdominal pressure; better cardio-respiratory function, due to easier venous circulation; maximum protection of the spine by supporting the rachis; minimum perineum shock thanks to the saddle supporting the gluteus; maximum stability of the vehicle thanks to ground-hub pedal block-system; reduced weight of the rotating parts thanks to the compactness of the mechanism of transmission.

这种自行车的优越之处在于：由于骑车者的俯伏位置而得到的最佳空气动力学性能；由于大腿的反重力旋转而获得的对肌肉的最佳利用；由于较低的腹部压力而获得的更佳的静脉和淋巴循环效果；由于更加便利的静脉循环而带来的更佳的心血管循环系统；由于对脊椎的支撑而带来的对脊柱的最佳保护效果；由于座鞍对臀部的支撑而获得的对会阴的最小冲击；由于地面-轮毂踏板系统（ground-hub pedal-block-system）而获得的车体的最大的稳定性；由于传动系统的紧凑性而减小了车身重量。

From the experiment discovered for the first time the dimethyl ether may substitute CO to take the chain-carrying agent of the peroxy free radical chemistry amplifier system, and optimized the CH_3OCH_3-NO-HO_2 chemistry amplifying system determination condition, the CH_3OCH_3 best density is 1.876 ppmv, the NO best density is 1.3ppmv, and obtained this method chain length CL=124, 5 parallel determinations densities of HO_2 are the 44.0pptv, the relatively standard deviation is smaller than 4%; Although chemistry box model computed result indicated the dimethyl ether, the ethene, the propene and the ethanol all can take the chain-carrying agent of the peroxy free radical chemistry amplifier system, and their simulation chain length all grows up compared to the CO-NO-HO_2 chemistry amplifying systems, but experiments proved the ethene, the propene and the ethanol have not suit the chain-carrying agents.

首次从实验上发现二甲醚可以替代CO作为过氧自由基化学放大系统的链传递试剂，并优化了CH_3OCH_3-NO-HO_2化学放大系统的测定条件，CH_3OCH_3的最佳浓度是1876ppmv，NO的最佳浓度为1.3ppmv，并得到了这一方法的链反应长度(CL=124)，5次平行测定浓度为44.0pptv的HO_2自由基，相对标准偏差＜4％；虽然化学盒子模式计算结果表明二甲醚、乙烯、丙烯和乙醇都能作为过氧自由基化学放大系统的链传递试剂，并且它们的模拟链长都比CO-NO-HO_2化学放大体系的链长大，但是实验证明乙烯、丙烯和乙醇不适合作为过氧自由基化学放大系统的链传递试剂。

The research contents of this subject are mainly: Proposing the overall scheme of the soft firing technology, than confirm the best scheme; On the basis of best scheme , set up the mathematical model of soft firing system, and set up the interior ballistic trajectory calculating model among MATLAB/Simulink, set up soft the three-dimensional dynamics model of firing system among ADAMS; Go on joint simulation, simulating the characteristic curve of bore pressure and the sport law of piston and shot; Through adjusting the parameters such as piston quality、the diameter of unilateral valve、 charge weight、charge form coefficient and the delay time of lighting fire etc to make the soft firing system reach the best state of dropping the composition of forces of gun bore and increasing initial velocity of pill.

论文的研究内容主要是：提出软发射技术总体方案，确定最佳方案；在最佳方案的基础上，建立起软发射系统的数学模型，并在MATLAB/Simulink中建立内弹道计算仿真模型，在ADAMS中建立软发射系统的三维动力学模型；进行联合仿真，模拟膛压特征曲线及活塞和弹丸运动规律；通过对活塞质量、单向阀直径、装药量、药形系数、点火延迟时间等参数进行调整，使软发射系统达到炮膛合力下降、弹丸初速提高的最佳状态。

Through studying the math model and "man- plane-environment" operation system model, we analysed the usage range and virtues and defects of transmitting function model of human, optimal con- trol model and fuzzy control model;After analysing "man-plane-environment" operation system, com- puter simulation, we put forward the man- plane -enviroment operation system computer simula- tion evaluation system to determine the best match between pilot and plane.

摘 要：通过对人-飞机-环境模拟仿真技术中人操作者的数学模型及&人-飞机-环境&操纵系统的数学模型的研究，具体分析了人的传递函数模型、最佳控制模型、模糊控制模型的适用范围及优缺点，并在对&人-飞机-环境&操纵系统的数学模型、性能指标进行分析后，提出了确定驾驶员和飞机之间最佳匹配的&人-飞机-环境&操纵系统计算机模拟综合评估系统，从而使人们一开始设计飞机时就考虑驾驶员作用，减少设计盲目性，缩短设计周期。

In the non_dimensional time domain,the generalized quadratic performance criterion of error state is transited into the optimal problem of structural parameters,thus to get an optimal parameter system_optimal damping control system with big margin for stability,little number for oscillation,small overshoot and small setting time.

1引言利用优化系统的结构参数，使之输出的动态性能达到最佳程度，传统方法都是在时域或频域中进行，典型的有&ITAE&准则［1］及电子最佳调节理论［2］，基于无量纲时域中的误差状态二次型性能指标的优化方法，是一手种新的最佳参数化方法［3］，可使系统对于输入作用的阻

For the first time, a screw pile and pile driver system for preventing flood and rushing to deal with an emergency was manufactured. The screw piles of the system is different from screw drills used to sap, and it doesn't push soils out. Analyses, including the screw pile's structural strength analysis and the screw blade's welding analysis, were done by ANSYS, which showed that the screw pile's structural strength is enough and that the distort of the screw blade is small. Testing on the screw pile and pile driver system showed that the system performed stably and could meet the need of preventing flood and rushing to deal with an emergency. A mechanics model of interaction of a screw pile and soil was built, and expressions of torque of screw pile's cylindrical part on the condition of screw pile's crew part being driven into soil fully were gained, then the relation of the torque with screw pitch and out diameter of cylinder, which shows the torque decreases with the screw pitch increasing, and that the torque increases with the out diameter of cylinder increasing, which was according with the experiments of the screw pile's being driven into soils, and thus a screw pile with the best structure was chosen. Experiments of bionic surface showed that, on the condition of certain pressure on the surface, the protruding bionic surface can not reduce adhesion and resistance and that the corrugated bionic surface can reduce adhesion and resistance. An orthogonal experiment of the corrugated bionic surface was done with the factors including the width of protrusion, the space between two protrusions, the trolley's velocity and the vertical surface pressure and with the surface frictional coefficient as the experimental target, and some inclusions were drawn that the best combination of the factors was acquired and that the width of protrusion affected the surface frictional coefficient remarkably.

研制了防汛抢险螺旋桩机系统，提高了沉桩作业效率；利用ANSYS对桩体进行整体结构强度分析以及螺旋叶片的焊接分析，表明桩体结构强度足够，焊接过程中，螺旋叶片的变形小；对整个螺旋桩机系统进行试验，表明该系统性能可靠，工作稳定，作业效率高，能够满足防汛抢险沉桩作业基本需要；建立了螺旋桩桩土作用力学模型，得出螺旋桩沉桩过程中螺旋桩螺旋部分完全进入土体时螺旋桩圆柱部分所受扭矩以及扭矩与防汛抢险螺旋桩的螺旋导程和圆柱外径的关系曲线，表明螺旋桩螺旋部分完全进入土体时螺旋桩圆柱部分所受扭矩随着螺旋导程的增大而减小，随着圆柱外径的增大而增大，这与螺旋桩沉桩试验结论相符合，据此优选出最佳结构的螺旋桩；仿生曲面试验表明，尺寸较小的球冠突起型仿生曲面在一定压力作用下未能起到减粘降阻的作用，而尺寸较大的波纹型仿生曲面相对平板具有一定的减粘降阻作用；以波纹型仿生曲面突起宽度、波纹型仿生曲面两突起之间间距、台车的牵引速度以及叶片表面垂直载荷为因素，以曲面摩擦系数试验指标进行正交试验，寻求出在一定试验条件下最佳因素水平组合；波纹型仿生曲面突起宽度在本试验条件下对曲面摩擦系数影响显著，而其它几个因素对曲面摩擦系数影响均不显著；通过波纹型仿生曲面突起宽度和台车牵引速度的单因素试验，表明曲面摩擦系数随着仿生曲面突起宽度的增大而减小，而随着台车牵引速度的变化基本保持不变，和正交试验结果保持一致。

Theoretical and experiment researches of transmission mechanism and control strategy of the CVT have been carried out under the project (59835160) financed by National Natural Science Foundation which includes follow content:1The kinematic relation of the metal pushing V-belt type transmission is analyzed. The relation among oil pressure of pulley cylinder, transmission ratio and input torque under load condition is studied. Optimal design method for metal pushing V-belt type continuously variable transmission is put forward.2Based on the engine experiment, torque and oil consumption model of engine are established by method of spline interpolation. The optimum economy and performance curves are put forward.

本文在国家自然科学基金重点项目（资助号：59835160）资助下，对金属带式无级变速传动系统的传动机理、匹配及控制策略等进行了系统深入的理论分析和实验研究，具体研究内容如下：1）系统地分析了金属带无级变速传动的基本运动规律，研究了在负载状态下，带轮油缸压力与速比和输入转矩的关系，提出了对金属带式无级变速传动系统进行优化设计的方法。2）通过发动机台架试验，利用样条插值方法构造了发动机转矩和发动机油耗模型，确定了发动机最佳经济性与最佳动力性工作线。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。