最优法

The given Branch and Bound method can find out the optimal solution of the problem in small size while the given GA implement can quickly find out the approximate optimal solution of the problem in large size. The given GA implement proves to be very effective by numerical experiments and examples.

对于问题的较小规模情形分支定界法能精确地求得最优解；对于问题的较大规模情形遗传算法能很快地求得近似最优解；算例及大量实验表明用遗传算法来求问题的近似解是成功的。

The algorithm GS to solve the problem of inverse dynamics based on the optimal theory is proposed, by using the numerical methods of Gill and shooting target, the optimal joint driven torques are obtained With the smooth joint trajectory motion, a fast and stable inverse dynamics method is proposed, it provides a new effective way to control the flexible manipulator The trajectory planning in the joint space and Cartesian coordinates is especially discussed In terms of kinematics of space flexible link manipulators, a sequential integration method for inverse dynamic analysis of flexible manipulators is developed The concrete results of simulations tested and verified the validity of proposed methods, and some valuable conclusions are achieved.

提出了求解基于最优理论的柔性臂逆动力学问题的GS法(Gill—Shooting method)，得到了柔性臂关节的最优驱动力矩；提出了基于光滑关节运动轨迹的柔性臂逆动力学的快速稳定方法，为柔性臂控制提供了一条新的途径；探讨了关节空间和直角坐标空间柔性臂的轨迹规划问题；研究并完善了结合柔性臂运动学的顺序积分的逆动力学方法。通过具体实例的仿真研究，验证了所提出的柔性臂逆动力学方法的有效性，得出了一些很有价值的结论。

Secondly,the author puts emphasis on "the simple linear programming"----the teaching design's whole blueprint in high school, the strategy on how to deal with the relation between dual inequality and linear programming; how to establish the linear programming model; the strategy on how to find the optimal solution; the several situations of the optimal solution's positions.

其次重点研究了"高中简单的线性规划"教学设计的总体构想；处理线性规划与二元一次不等式关系的策略；如何建立线性规划模型；线性规划问题中最优解的找法策略，最优解的位置的几种情况。

The left ventricular meets the optimal efficiency principle at systolic state,we utilize the differ-ential geometry and differentiable dynamics to analyse the model and inverts it to the linear space for optimal control theory solution of optimal efficiency of ejective blood-flow which meets the physiology of optimal efficiency.

结果 在左心室的收缩最优效率原则时候，可应用微分几何与微分动力学数学分析法，将模型转换为线性空间下最优控制理论求得射血流量。

This multigrid solver is proven to provide the same accuracy as the finite element solution with respect to energy norm, and the computational complexity is suboptimal.

并证明用共轭梯度法作迭代算子时，该方法可以达到能量模意义下的最优，计算复杂度接近最优。

The stoical and global environment is given, which is abstracted with grid method before the workspace model of the robot being built. With the adoption of the ant colony algorithm, the foraging behavior of ant colony is simulated. According to the optimization condition, the robot tries to find a path which is optimal or optimal-approximate path from starting point to goal, that is global path planning.

本文讨论的机器人环境为静态全局环境已知，通过栅格法对已知环境进行抽象，建立机器人工作空间模型，并采用蚁群算法，模拟蚂蚁觅食行为，根据优化条件搜索出一条从指定起点到终点的最优或近似最优路径，即全局路径规划。

For the ill conditioned load flow caused by the error produced in the transformation from electricity quantities to average power, direct current load flow and sensitivity vector are presented to find out the ill node, then by adjusting the load curve and generation curve in a certain principle, which is shown in detail with several flow charts, a new operation mode is reestablished to ensure the convergence of the calculation. Optimal multiplier method is proposed to work out the least square solution according to ill conditioned structural power network. The electricity quantities flow method enhances the reliability and accuracy of the calculation of the power transmission losses.

该方法可根据当前输电网中各个变电站24小时的电量记录，利用电量潮流计算对输电网总线损和各条线路损耗进行计算，使计算的精度满足降损措施分析和指标考核的要求；并且对于由负荷出力曲线转化成平均功率计算潮流时引入的误差，进而导致潮流计算不收敛的情况，采用直流潮流法，依据相角对有功功率的灵敏度向量判断出"网络异常点"，并且给出了解决此种情况的方法流程图；针对结构病态的电力系统潮流计算不收敛的情况，运用非线性约束优化方法中的最优乘子法求解潮流方程的最小二乘解，从而解决了电量潮流法计算理论线损时的收敛性问题，增强了该方法的适用性。

It is difficult to solve the optimal iteration step and Lagrange multiplier in the gradient optimal power flow solutions. The saddle node iteration method was applied to solve the above problems based on a certain supposition.

在梯度法最优潮流的求解过程中，确定不等式约束的拉格朗日乘子以及求取最优步长等比较困难，文中在采取一定假设的基础上，运用鞍点迭代算法进行上述问题的求解。

The necessary conditions for the optimal plastic design are obtained by means of the Lagrange multiplier method,and then the optimality conditions are derived.

数学上它表述为一个具有不等式约束的泛函极值问题，应用拉格朗日乘子法得到了最优塑性设计的一组必要条件，并由此导出了最优性条件。

Illustrations are used to analyze the limitation of line sampling firstly. For linear limit state, the efficiency of LS is affected by the dispersion of the actual important direction from the optimal one, the bigger the dispersion is, the lower the efficiency is. For non-linear limit state, in case that the actual important direction deviates from the optimal one greatly, the efficiency and the precision of LS decrease seriously, even wrong results are obtained.

首先通过算例分析线抽样方法存在的问题，对于线性问题，线抽样法的效率受抽样重要方向与最优重要方向偏离程度的影响，这种偏离程度越大，效率越低；而对于非线性问题，当抽样重要方向与最优重要方向偏离较大时，线抽样的效率和精度均严重下降，甚至得出错误的计算结果。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。