最优控制

In the second chapter, the problem of the optimal inputting rate control for a class of competitive population dynamics system with age-structure is discussed. By means of characteristic line, Gronwall Lemma, Bellman Lemma, adjoint system and so on, the Lipschitz continuity properties of the system in terms of the control variable is certificated, and the necessary condition of the optimal control is obtained.

第二章讨论了一类具有年龄结构的竞争种群系统最优输入率控制问题，综合应用特征线法，Gronwall引理，Bellman引理，共轭系统等知识，证明了系统解关于控制变量的Lipschitz连续性，给出了控制为最优的必要条件。

Driver system for the stability of nonlinear and non-use of the theory of linear quadratic control law studies, select the ball location, speed and rod angle, angular velocity of the four variables as state variables, output variables for the ball position and bar angle, the establishment of linear state space equation and after the designs of clubs based on LQR control law, the design process simple and easy to realize the control law, simulation results show that the linear quadratic regulator robustness and stability.

球杆系统翻译，求高人针对球杆系统的非线性和不稳定性运用最优二次型理论进行控制律的研究，选取小球位置、速度和横杆角度、角速度四个变量为状态变量，输出变量为小球的位置和横杆的角度，建立状态空间方程并进行线性化后设计了基于LQR的球杆系统控制律，设计过程简单，控制律的实现容易，仿真结果表明了最优二次型调节器的鲁棒性和稳定性。

In the first part, convex duality method linearizes convex wealth equation, and the introduction of Lagrange multiplier converts original problem to an unconstrained static optimum problem. At last, we obtain another equivalent optimum problem with convex control domain.

文章前一部分运用凸对偶的方法先将财富方程线性化，Lagrange乘子的引入使最优问题等价与一个无约束的静态最优问题，最后转化为一个凸控制域的最优问题。

The results show that there will be slight decrease of the control efforts when the mean absolute value or the root mean square value of the optimal control force is taken as the maximum designed control force, while the maximum control force of MR damper can be decreased by 85% compared with the maximum optimal control force. The decrease in the designed control force can not only significantly increase the capability of MR dampers, but also reduce the dimension of MR dampers for pratical application in engineering.

研究表明，当设计值取最优控制力的平均绝对值或均方根值时，MR阻尼器的最大控制力比最优控制力的最大值降低了85%，而控制效果降低不多，可以满足对结构的控制要求；降低最大控制力设计值后，不但可以充分发挥MR阻尼器的出力性能，而且可以缩小MR阻尼器的设计尺寸，便于工程应用。

The system control action optimal distribution and the system control optimum design as the way of two stage design is proposed for structural control systems.

1提出了结构控制系统的二级设计思想，即系统控制作用的最优分布设计和系统控制作用的最优设计。

An instantaneous optimal semi-active control method is put forward. Combined sliding mode control with lyapunov's stability theory, the control weights matrix, which can minimize structural instantaneous energy, is designed. Simulation and shaking table test is conducted to validated the method's effectiveness. To solve combination explosion of controlled structural state encountered in high-rise building control, the semi-active control strategy, which can drive structural state point to reach the sliding mode switching band, is designed by using sliding mode control theory, and genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal semi-active switching to drive the structural state point to sliding mode switching band at prestissimo speed.

提出了一种瞬时最优半主动结构控制方法，利用滑模变结构控制理论和Lyapunov稳定性理论设计使结构瞬时能量最小的半主动控制权矩阵，仿真实例和振动台试验验证了本文所提方法的有效性和实用性；为解决在高层建筑半主动控制中半主动控制器状态组合爆炸的问题，利用滑模变结构控制理论设计在Lapunov稳定意义下使结构在运动状态空间中任一相点于以最快速率到达滑模切换带的半主动控制策略，并用遗传算法找出了最快到达滑模切换带的半主动控制切换组合。

In order to reduce the effects of packet dropout on the system, a dropout compensator is added to the system, and a model for networked control systems with stochastic delays and dropout compensators is constructed, Based on this model, the sufficient conditions for the system asymptotical stability,γ suboptimum and optimum are given, and the output feedback control law for system H(subscript ∞) optimal control is obtained.

为了降低数据包丢失对系统稳定性的影响，在系统中增加了补偿器，并建立了具有丢包补偿器和随机网络诱导时延的NCS模型。在此模型的基础上，给出了系统渐近稳定和γ次优、最优的充分条件，并且获得了系统最优H控制的输出反馈控制律。

The method employs characteristic values such as hinge node voltage at dividing place between the large district grid and the provincial grid and tie line reactive power and so on as a coordinated variable of wattless control of the large district grid and the provincial grid, and real-timely calculates an optimal set value of the coordinated variable in the large district grid which is sent down to the provincial grid via wide area communication. In the coordinated control of the provincial grid, the method can not only realize the control object of original grid, but can also realtimely track the optimal set value of the coordinated variable given by the large district grid.

本方法选择大区电网与省级电网分界处枢纽节点电压和联络线无功等特征量作为大区电网与省级电网无功控制的协调变量，通过大区电网的无功优化，实时计算出大区电网中协调变量的最优设定值，该设定值通过广域通信下发到省级电网，在省级电网的协调控制中，除了满足本级电网的控制目标外，还实时跟踪由大区电网给出的协调变量的最优设定值。

A new optimal power flow model with reliability constraint is proposed to obtain an economic and secure operation schedule of the power system, where the reliability index constraint is constructed based on z transform theory to take the uncertainties of electric power system into account, and the objective aims at minimizing the total cost of the system to satisfy the expected loss of load probability.

提出一种考虑可靠性指标的最优潮流模型。该模型能考虑系统中的随机因素，通过z变换法构造电力系统的可靠性指标约束，将该约束添加到经典最优潮流模型中共同求解，从而使电为系统的调度或控制能在满足一定的失负荷概率指标的前提下实现最优运行。

In aim at the complicity and high-dimensional state-space for the controlled system, it simplifies the calculation of geometric polytope by optimize with ellipsoidal approximate techniques, and the robust control effectiveness near to the optimal.

本论文所提示的基于几何理论的约束非线性控制算法是建立在最大输出允许集合的基础上，运用状态空间的有界子集表达鲁棒时优离散时间控制问题的价值函数，通过逆序计算该价值函数的水平集合，求得其所需的控制量，针对被控系统的复杂性及高维状态空间问题，运用椭球近似技术予以优化，使得几何多面体的计算得以简化，且鲁棒控制效果接近最优。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。