替代

Traditional ways of demarcation tends to focus on revelation of the characteristics of essential facilities that have proved far from satisfactory,among which,the criterion laid down by the court in the case of MCI seems tautological in logic;the public welfare criterion appears to transfer a vague issue into an even indefinite one;while the competitor standard ignores the integral effectiveness of the whole market;...

其中，美国"MCI"案中法院提出的标准存在逻辑上的同语反复；公共利益标准将有待澄清的问题转化为了另一个不确定的问题；竞争者标准忽略了市场的整体效果；消费者偏好标准只是对于特定情况的处理，不能成为一个基本的判断标准。核心设施界定的关键是对"不可复制性"的理解，通过借鉴相关市场界定的方法，可以确定替代发生的范围，以及替代实现的程度，从而对正确地适用核心设施理论提供新的思路。

The results showed that the abrasion resistance of SIBR vulcanizate improved by substituting the silica for the partial or whole carbon black,and at the same time,tanδ at 0 ℃ increased and tanδ at 60 ℃ decreased.

研究白炭黑等量替代炭黑对集成橡胶胶料性能的影响。结果表明，白炭黑部分和完全替代炭黑，SIBR硫化胶的耐磨性能改善，0 ℃时的tanδ值增大，60 ℃时的tanδ值减小。

The results indicated that (1) the economy in Zhejiang Province was in the developing stage of unchanged scale wage;(2) the inputoutput elasticity coefficients was the most sensitive to labour element among the factors which had effect of economic growth in Zhejiang Province.The results showed that the coefficient was 0.538 5 in labour element while the coefficients were 0.247 3 in land element and 0.321 6 in fixed asset elements respectively;（3）the contribution of the input of fixed assets was 6823% and still the major impetus to economic growth during this time;(4)the land use was not intensive basically in Zhejiang Province,the input of land elements was replaced by that of other elements during the study.So,labour intensive industry should be one of the industries in the future.

研究结果表明：(1)就规模效应而言，浙江省的经济增长处于规模报酬不变的发展阶段；(2)浙江省经济增长对劳动力要素的投入最为敏感，其中土地要素、劳动力要素和资本要素增加1个单位的投入量对经济增长的推动为 0.247 3、0.538 5 和 0.321 6；（3）固定资产投入在研究期间是浙江省经济增长的主要推动力，其贡献率达到6823%，而劳动力要素与土地要素则分别为2346%和625%；(4)浙江省土地利用不够集约，在研究期间土地要素对经济增长的影响能被资本要素与劳动力要素有效替代，而劳动力要素则难以被资本投入与土地投入有效替代，劳动集约型产业应该成为浙江省未来发展方向之一。

They correspond with extraordinary precision to the adoption of substitutes, kerosene for whale oil and steel for whale bone in corsets (the primary commercial reasons behind whaling).

煤油替代鲸鱼油，钢铁替代做紧身衣（捕鲸业兴起的主要商业原因）的鲸鱼骨。

After climbing oil price, people try their bests to substitute petroleum by other energy, so the price of energy for substitution shall also be accordantly climbing, thus further increasing production cost of enterprises and the whole commodity price.

油价上涨后，人们试图用其他能源来替代石油，于是替代能源的价格也会水涨船高，带动企业生产成本和整体物价水平进一步上升。

There exists isomorphous replacement in the rutile structure, and the most prominent feature is the average content of oxides, being 1.22%, 0.39%, 0.35% and 0.22% for V 2O 5, Fe 2O 3, ZnO and CuO respectively. They substitute Ti 4+ in octahedra. The valence of V is 5, and its polyhedron is trigonal bipyramid, which causes the lattice distortion, breaks the raw octahedron symmetry into square bipyramid, and produces the microstrains in the structure.

天然含钒金红石平均含V2O5可达1.22％，Fe2O30.39％，ZnO0.35％，CuO0.22％，这些金属离子可替代八面体中Ti^4 。V以5价形式存在，配位多面体呈三方双锥，其在晶格内部对Ti的替代导致晶格畸变，打破了配位多面体原有的八面体对称而呈四方双锥的几何形态，并产生结构微应力。

Comparing with the group of anti-coccidiosis agent, 8 fens per market hen and higher relative economic benefit by 2.33% will be made for the coccidium vaccine group. The experiment shows that it would not reduce the breeding effect after using the coccidian vaccine. It also may avoid the remedy residue and make important significance for producing green food.

试验表明用球虫疫苗替代抗球虫药不会降低肉用母鸡的养殖效果，并且采用球虫疫苗替代抗球虫药的使用，避免了药物残留，对于生产&绿色食品&具有重要意义。

Species richness and Pielou evenness index were used to measure species diversity. Species richness in polluted area was 32-67, while in control area it was 47-82. Pielou evenness index of tree layer was 0.1161-0.8509, while those of shrub layer and herb layer were 0.1763-0.3249 and 0.0443-0.2601, respectively. The results showed that both species richness and Pielou evenness index were influenced by the point source pollution. Species importance values showed significant differences between polluted area and control area. Dominance of different species had changed, and some species even disappeared under the pressure of pollution, indicating a process of species replacement in plant communities. Such species replacement can provide a scientific basis for species selection for restoration of human-damaged ecosystem. The natural regeneration of Quercus variabilis was insensitive to pollution, while Cupressus funebris was effected seriously.

仅在污染区中出现的物种数量远低于仅在对照区中出现的物种数量；(2)可分出4种基本的群落类型：马尾松林、柏木林、栓皮栎林和马尾松＋栓皮栎林，各群落特定层次的物种丰富度指数以及Pielou均匀度指数在污染区与对照区之间存在显著差异；(3)污染胁迫下，物种在群落中的生态优势度发生了变化，反映了群落中不同物种相互替代的过程，这种物种的替代可为今后受损生态系统人为恢复过程中物种的筛选提供一定的理论参考；(4)对群落中王要物种更新的调查发现：栓皮栎林对污染不敏感；柏木林污染区与对照区幼苗数量及分布格局均有明显差异，污染条件下群落未来演替受到严重干扰。

Continental also can offer significant savings on a comparable model replacement blower or exhauster that will duplicate your performance requirements, and in many cases, closely approximate the dimensions of your existing machine.

欧陆工业同样提供你现有设备的替代产品，可以帮你节省开支，且替代产品完全可以满足你的性能要求，在大多数情况下非常接近你现有设备的大小尺寸便于安装

The enlarged showy calyx-lobes in Mussaenda are good examples. The calyx-lobes, so called calycophylls, are mostly leaf-shaped, but have bright color, papillate epidermis, and loose mesophylls, features generally only found in petals. In higher eudicots, floral organs are typically arranged in four different whorls, namely sepals, petals, stamens and carpels.

自然界中有钗h植物以一整个花序替代一朵花作为传粉的单位，而在这样的花序中常常会有某些构造花瓣化来替代原来花瓣的弁遄C玉叶金花是一个非常有趣的例子，这一属的植物常具有膨大的花萼裂片，其形状类似叶子但多具有鲜艳色彩，且细胞形态及细胞排列均相当类似於花瓣，在弁鄐W一般均认为与花瓣无异。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。