替代

The gene substitution model analysis showed thatsubstitution of B for C allele at αs1-Casein locus had a significant(p＜0.05)effect on305-day milk yield,but not for milk fat percent;substitution of A1at β-Casein locus had ainfluence on 305-day milk yield,fat and protein percent;substitution of A at κ-Casein andβ-Lactoglobulin loci had no significant effect on all production performance.

基因替代模型的分析表明，αs1-CN位点B基因对C的替代显著影响305天产奶量，对乳脂率无显著影响，β-CN A1基因的替代对305天产奶量乳脂率和乳蛋率均有显著影响作用，κ-CN和β-LG位点A基因的替代对生产性能均无显著效应。

The effects of the mechanism on both the efficiency of options investment and on the substitution of the incentive mechanism are analyzed. These substitution effects involve two aspects: the complete substitution to efficiency of investment exercising and the partial substitution to information rents.

重点分析了审核机制对投资期权执行效率的影响以及对激励机制的替代作用，这种替代作用表现为在投资执行效率方面的完全替代和在信息租金方面的部分替代。

The corporation to develop from the action scilicet that establish, production and promotion new material and in lieu of iron, supersede the lumber product the material for oneself to allow, resolve the evolution that the Chinese material resource in push supersedes, supersedes the iron, lumber vocation, the amalgamation sets out from the current problem " City trap " in settle, cooperates with the science and engineering university south of R.O.C., Hubei the science and engineering university development section grinds, the year of on stream produces 50,000 high and strong and colorful manhole cover of compound material, water grate, the year produces 150,000 even meters the high and strong and colorful tree of pattern of landscape of round the trench the blind flange, low cost substitution iron no burn brick 、building block produce with the stock, the new uses the stock with the cargo, diseases of compound material road cage、 protective cage of pattern of landscape, the low cost site the photocopy to model the culture bricks, the productive capacity of the set grasses bricks, curb stone, compound calcium silicate culture stone, careful choose to anticipate, set the new formula, amalgamation can seconded client the necessity designs the build, color, pattern sign, green environmental protection, and hue saturation, the texture is delicate, the employment put together economic effects, social performance is very addicted.

公司自成立之初即以研发、生产及推广新型材料及替代铁、替代木材产品材料为己任，立志于推动中国材料资源替代、替代铁、木材行业的发展，并从解决当前"城市陷阱"这一问题出发，与华南理工大学、湖北理工大学开展科研合作，投产年产5万套景观型高强彩色复合材料检查井盖、雨箅，年产15万平米景观型高强彩色树围沟盖板，低成本代铁免烧、砖砌块生产用托盘，新型商用货用托盘，景观型复合材料道路隔离栏、护栏，低成本现场压印成型文化路面砖，植草砖、路沿石、复合硅酸钙文化石的生产能力，严谨选料，创新配方，并可根据客户需要设计造型、颜色、图案标志，绿色环保，而且色彩饱和，质感细腻，使用综合经济效益、社会效益很好。

And opposite, the downstream unsubstitutability's market enhancement , advantage of status of products strengthen the unsubstitutability and market advantage status. These forms of expression of limiting the competition behavior are as follows, utilize the market advantage position, set up and strengthen the barrier of the application program or operating system procedure barrier, utilize OEM to put the software and squeeze the rival in advance, discriminatory pricing policy, pairing unsalable up with goods that sell well or trussing up and sells the behavior , lures the ICP into adopting specific technology, and technology the can only in specific customer serve and function, with the way of trussing up with the ISP.The copyright ill-useing happens frequently .

软件产业中的不正当竞争行为大多都与软件著作权的滥用有关，并且通常与滥用市场优势地位结合在一起，既有横向限制竞争行为，又有纵向限制竞争行为，且以纵向限制竞争行为为主，常表现为一种产品的不可替代性、市场优势地位往往会加强其上、下游产品的不可替代性和市场优势地位，而相反，其上、下游产品的不可替代性和市场优势地位的增强又进一步强化这种产品的不可替代性和市场优势地位。

In the world on gross, but the level of machine of outfit of average per capita and electricenergy production of average per capita is very low, it is American 1/ 18 only, french 1/ 10, the job that in the head two the sources of energy replace has not finished 1/ 6; our country of Japan, it is to use coal to replace firewood bavin respect to had been not finished, life of dweller of our country country is used basically still can depending on firewood bavin; is to use oil, natural gas to replace coal respect to still also be done not have finish, in consumption of countrywide one-time energy, coal still occupies 70 % above.

一、我国电力替代其他能源时要追求经济效益、能源利用效率和环境保护效益到目前为止，虽然我国在装机容量和发电总量上居世界第 2位，但人均装机和人均发电量的水平很低，仅为美国的 1/ 18，法国的 1/ 10 ，日本的1/ 6；我国在头两个能源替代的任务还没有完成，一是用煤炭替代薪柴方面还没有完成，我国农村居民生活用能还主要依靠薪柴；一是用石油、天然气替代煤炭方面也还没有完成，在全国一次性能源消费中，煤炭仍占 70 %以上。

Under the perfectly free trade, outsourcing can make more profit than inhouse does no matter how big the products substitutability is while under the government's optimal trade policy, while subsidizing or tax the intermediate input productor, depend on the difference of products substitutability. If products substitutability is big, government would offer subsidy definitely, but if the substitutability of the products is very small, the government would not subsidize them but tax instead.

在完全自由贸易下，就本国与外国对於要素的需求而言，无论产品替代性大小皆为外购会比自己内制生产的利润还要大；政府的最适贸易政策下，政府对於厂商要素的补贴与否，端视产品替代性的大小，产品的替代性愈大，无论如何政府皆给予补贴，但如果产品的替代性很小，则政府不但不补贴，反而将会对於厂商课徵税额；而对於第三国进行最终财课税，将会使第三国进口的要素价格降低，达到抑制的效果。

The results show that although both Ni substitution and Mg vacancies are effective in desorbing hydrogen at lower temperatures, the substitution of Ni at the Mg site is energetically more favorable than the formation of Mg vacancies. The Ni atoms of NiF2 can replace some Mg atoms of MgH2 systems, the reaction of NiF2+3MgH2=MgF2+Mg2NiH4 during mill process is accelerated, thus, MgH2 with the higher stability can be changed into Mg2NiH4. Because of a ternary hydride Mg2NiH4 with lower stability forming, the dehydrogenating properties on Ni doped MgH2 systems are improved.

结果表明：Ni替代Mg和创造Mg空位对MgH2体系解氢而言，均发挥有益作用，而形成Mg空位所需能量(6.51 eV)高于Ni替代Mg所需能量(2.12 eV)，表明低温下Ni替代Mg对MgH2体系解氢而言更有利，至此NiF2中的Ni替代MgH2中的Mg，有利于加速化学反应NiF2+3MgH2=MgF2+Mg2NiH4向右进行，使结构稳定的MgH2发生转变，生成结构不稳定的Mg2NiH4，这样体系解氢过程不是通过MgH2，而是转变为通过Mg2NiH4进行，因此，Ni掺杂提高了MgH2体系的解氢性能。

The supplement of selium or iodine as twice as control ilmproved the deposition of selium or iodine, which was credible basis on de- veloping functional food. 3. The composition of basal diet affected yolk color, when one third wheat, or one third rice, or one second wheat, or one second rice were substituted for yellow corn, the yolk color decreased to 5, 4, 3, 2 degree respectively.

本试验中1/3小麦替代玉米组蛋黄颜色降到5级，1/3大米替代玉米组蛋黄颜色降到4级，1/2小麦替代玉米组蛋黄颜色降到3级，1/2大米替代玉米组蛋黄颜色降到2级。

The performances and characteristics of several typical Halon substitute techniques were analyzed and the assessment criteria for selecting alternatives were put forward.

简单介绍了几种典型哈龙替代技术，提出了替代技术的选择标准，分析比较了各替代技术的性能特点，并在此基础上针对实际应用场所的具体情况和要求，采用运筹学方法评估出较为切合实际的哈龙替代灭火系统。

The tire is prepared by using a natural rubber instead of a synthetic rubber; an inorganic filler and/or a biofiller instead of carbon black; vegetable oil instead of petroleum oil; and natural fiber instead of synthetic fiber so that the tire comprises a non-petroleum raw material in an amount of at least 75 % by weight based on the total weight of the tire.

本发明提供一种利于环境的轮胎，其中，原材料是从非石油资源中获得的，替代现有轮胎中使用的从石油资源中获得的原材料的部分或全部，用天然橡胶替代合成橡胶、无机填料和/或生物填料替代炭黑、植物油脂替代石油类油、天然纤维替代合成纤维等，非石油资源的原材料构成轮胎总重量的75重量％以上。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。