暴露于

The method involves exposing the cells to a compound having the formula I in which: w is a nucleic acid x is a non-amino acid or non-peptide nucleic acid binding group y is a spacer having a chain length equivalent to 1-30 carbon-carbon single covalent bonds or is absent R4 is H or halogen or CH2O-R3; and R1, R2 and R3 are the same or different and are either hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxylated alkyl, hydroxylated alkenyl groups or ether containing alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxylated alkyl or hydroxylated alkenyl groups optionally being an acyl group having a carbon chain length equivalent to 3-24 carbon atoms saturated or unsaturated, with the proviso that at least one of R1, R2 or R3 includes a group having a carbon chain of 3-24 carbon atoms saturated or unsaturated, or to a compound having the formula II in which: w is a nucleic acid x is a non-amino acid or non-peptide nucleic acid binding group y is a space having a chain length equivalent to 1-30 carbon-carbon single covalent bonds or is absent, R5 is alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxylated alkyl, hydroxylated alkenyl group or ether containing alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxylated alkyl or hydroxylated alkenyl group optionally being an acyl group having a carbon chain length equivalent to 3-24 carbon atoms saturated or unsaturated, with the proviso that R5 includes a group having a carbon chain of 3-24 carbon atoms saturated or unsaturated.

该方法包括使细胞暴露于具有式的化合物，在式中：w是核酸，x是非氨基酸或者非肽核酸结合基团，y是具有等于1―30个碳―碳单共价键的链长的间隔基或者不存在，R4是H或者卤素或者CH2O－R3；R1、R2和R3是相同的或者不同的并且是氢、甲基、乙基、烷基、链烯基、羟基化烷基、羟基化链烯基或者包含烷基、链烯基、羟基化烷基或羟基化链烯基的醚，任选地是来源于具有等于3―24个碳原子的碳链长的饱和或不饱和脂肪酸的酰基，其条件是R1、R2或者R3的至少一个包括具有3―24个碳原子的饱和或不饱和碳链的基团，或者使细胞暴露于具有式的化合物，在式中：w是核酸，x是非氨基酸或者非肽核酸结合基团，y是具有等于1―30个碳―碳单共价键的链长的间隔基或者不存在，R5是烷基、链烯基、羟基化烷基、羟基化链烯基或者包含烷基、链烯基、羟基化烷基或羟基化链烯基的醚，任选地是具有等于3―24个碳原子的饱和或不饱和碳链的链长的酰基，其条件是R5包括具有3―24个碳原子的饱和或不饱和碳链的基团。

Limit direct sun exposure during midday: Another way to limit exposure to UV light is to avoid being outdoors in intense sunlight too long.

限制直接暴露于太阳在正午：另一种方式来限制暴露于紫外线灯，以避免在户外强烈阳光下太久。

But in a news release issued today, ITA President Dan Humiston acknowledged that UV exposure from tanning beds is not discernibly different from UV exposure from the sun.

但在今天的新闻发布会中，ITA主席Dan Humiston承认日光浴床的紫外线暴露同暴露于日光中的紫外线的区别不易被发现。

Expose sth. to the light of dayExposed adj.

暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的

After that skin biopsies were collected from exposed and non-exposed areas of skin and all extractable proteins were examined.

然后活检暴露于GSM信号和非暴露于GSM信号的皮肤，对所有可以提取的蛋白进行检测。

Morphological and flourescent changes were assessed using confocal microscopy in whole-mount organ of Corti preparations. Results (1) After the animals were exposed to broadband noise at 122 dB SPL in 4 h/day for 2 days, both apoptosis and necrosis appeared in OHCs. The single strand DNA in apoptotic OHCs were observed both in guinea pigs and mice.(2) In normal OHCs, EndoG was distributed outside of nuclei. EndoG translocated from outside to inside of the nuclei in both apoptotic and necrotic OHCs following noise exposure.(3) The MNNG cochlear perfusion and noise exposure both caused the transloctation of AIF from the mitochondria to the nuclei. The translocation of AIF took place in both apoptotic and necrotic OHCs.

结果 (1)暴露于120 dB SPL的白噪声环境中每天4小时，连续2天后引起豚鼠和小鼠耳蜗外毛细胞凋亡时，其细胞核内产生ssDNA，而在正常细胞内没有三ssDNA；（2）在正常情况下，EndoG分布于耳蜗毛细胞的细胞核外，在暴露于上述噪声后发生凋亡和坏死的豚鼠耳蜗外毛细胞中，EndoG从细胞核外转移到细胞核内，细胞核中的EndoG显著增加；（3）豚鼠耳蜗外淋巴灌流烷化剂MNNG后发生耳蜗外毛细胞凋亡和坏死，在凋亡和坏死的耳蜗外毛细胞中，AIF自线粒体转移到细胞核，其变化与噪声损伤引起耳蜗外毛细胞凋亡和坏死时一致。

Physiological Responses of Hybrid Striped Bass to Aqueous Copper copper is an abundant trace metal, and although essential at low levels, it is also potentially toxic to aquatic organisms.Mechanisms of toxicity and consequences of exposure vary depending on ionoregulatory status(acclimated to freshwater or salt water).The goal of this research was to examine the responses of hybrid striped bass(Morone chrysopsXMorone saxatilis)exposed to Cu in freshwater and 15g/L salt water.In freshwater,a general dose-and time-dependent pattern of increasing Cu accumulation in gill tissue was evident in fish exposed to aqueous Cu(220 and 447 mg/L)for up to 96 hours.The 96-horu acute median lethal concentration for freshwater-acclimated hybrid striped bass exposed to Cu was 94mg/L(confidence interval=62 to 144mg/L).

生理反应到水的混合条纹鲈鱼铜是一个丰富的微量金属，虽然至关重要，它是在较低的水平也可能对水生生物有毒毒性机制及其后果的曝光取决于ionoregulatory状态，本研究的主要目的是为了检查的反应chrysopsXMorone混合条纹鲈鱼暴露于铜在淡水和15 / L盐水在淡水，一般dose-and时变模式日益增长的铜积累鱼鳃组织显然暴露于含水的铜(220和447毫克/升)长达96小时96-horu致命的平均浓度为freshwater-acclimated急性混合条纹鲈鱼暴露于铜被94mg / L(=置信区间来144mg / L)62 osmolatity、钠浓度降低。

Those animals that had been exposed to long days were reproductively active and had significantly more kisspeptin than those that had been through an artificial winter.

结果发现：那些暴露于夏季条件的仓鼠明显地比那些暴露于人造冬季条件的仓鼠生殖欲望活跃、而且转移抑制素含量也更高。

Loaches were exposed to different extent polluted water with waste cells and the SOD and CAT activity in animals was detected after 48 hours and 72 hours exposed.

将泥鳅暴露于不同浓度的废旧干电池污染液中，于48 h、72 h测定其超氧化物歧化酶及过氧化氢酶的活性，结果显示低浓度、短时间内SOD、CAT活性被诱导，随着废旧干电池污染液浓度的增大和暴露时间的延长，酶活性被抑制。因此SOD、CAT可作为生物标志物来监测水生态系统的污染

The degree of neuron damage after +10 Gz5 min exposure in pre-exposure groups with repeated +4 Gz3 min 3～5 times was obviously slight comparing with that of single +10 Gz exposure group.

Gz3 min反复暴露3次和5次，再暴露于+10 Gz5 min，其神经元损伤程度明显轻于+10 Gz5 min单次暴露。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。