暗适应

The Influence of Light and Dark Adaptation on the Ultrastructure of the Photoreceptor in Cherax quadricarinatus The Ultrastructure of the photoreceptor in Cherax quadricarinatus, which was in light and dark adaptation, was studied by electron microscopy.

二。光适应与暗适应对红螯螯虾光感受器超微结构的影响用透射电镜对光适应和暗适应时的红螯螯虾光感受器的超微结构进行了研究比较。

We conclude that early, scotopically related OPs may indeed be activated in the single response to the first flash in DA (i.e. without using conditioning flashes). Secondly, on its own, adaptation to mesopic BGL does not seem to trigger enhancement of the overall oscillatory response. The altered single oscillatory response to the first flash apparent in the mesopic BGL comprises a third cone-associated OP and seems to reflect a reorganization of the retinal microcircuitry from a predominantly rod-activated system to one of mixed rod cone neuronal activity in the inner part of the retina at the level at which individual OPs have their respective origins.

暗适应相关振荡电位可由暗适应后的闪光刺激激发形成，中间亮度照明背景的适应没有增加总振荡电位波幅，新增加的和视锥细胞活动相关的第三波峰可能反映了视觉系统适应活动的重新整合，即从之前的以视杆细胞活动为主导，转为视杆/视锥细胞的共同作用。

Both kinds of rats were inbred to construct the new inbred strains from Sprague-Dawley outbred strain background. In the first section, conventional visual electrophysiology was observed in CSNB and RCD rat.

在课题的第一部分，我们对这两种动物的视觉电生理性状进行了观察，包括：常规视觉电生理，CSNB大鼠的暗适应多焦点视网膜电图和明适应多焦点视网膜电图，RCD大鼠的不同颜色刺激光暗适应多焦点视网膜电图。

In Wistar rats, latent period of a-wave in scotopic rod response after 1-week transplantation was shorten (P.05); and latent period of a-wave in scotopic rod response after 2-week transplantation was prolonged (P.05); while latent period of b-wave in scotopic maximum response after 1-week transplantation was shorten (P.05). In RCS rats, amplitude of a-wave in scotopic rod response and photopic response after 4-week transplantation was increased (PO.05); while latent period of a-wave in scotopic rod response after 4-week transplantation was shorten (PO.05).Conclusion 1. At the age of 3 months, photoreceptors of the RCS rat degenerated completely, which leaded to the reduction of amplitudes of a-wave and b-wave.

Wstar大鼠术后1周的暗适应视杆反应，a波潜伏期缩短o叼。05）；术后2周的暗适应视杆反应，a波潜伏期延长o功刀5）：术后1周的暗适应最大反应，b波潜伏期缩短o功刀5卜＊CS大鼠术后4周的暗适应视杆反应和明适应反应，a波振幅增大o功刀匀；术后4周的暗适应视杆反应，a波潜伏期缩短o＜0卜结论1、RCS大鼠在3月龄时感光细胞变性死亡，导致FERG的a、b波振幅明显降低；视网膜下腔仍存在感光细胞外节盘膜碎屑，外丛状层缺乏感光细胞的突触末端，同时Muler细胞出现反应性胶质纤维增生。

Japonica and the dark-adapted time would have some effects on the values of ERG of the compound eye of P. japonica. In the same conditions, the ERG value of the male adult was larger than the female;the ERG value of the adult on night was larger than the one in day;the ERG value would increase with the dark-adapted time and made stability in end.

白天和夜晚暗适应一定时间，在相同的相对光强度下，雄成虫的ERG值大于雌成虫；暗适应一定时间，在相同的相对光强度下，雌雄成虫的ERG值均为夜晚高于白天；无论是在白天还是在夜晚，雌雄成虫的ERG值均随暗适应时间的延长而增加，并最后达一平台。

METHODS:By using Vision Monitor visual evoked response imaging system,the standards for five obtained Flash Electroretinogram were recorded on 53 normal subjects (73 eyes),including F-ERG to a weak flash in the dark-adapted eye,F-ERG to a strong flash in the dark-adapted eye,oscillatory potentials,F-ERG to a strong flash in t...

应用法国Metrovision公司生产的Vision Monitor视觉诱发系统检测正常人53例73眼。F-ERG的5个标准反应，包括暗适应25dB弱光刺激时的反应、暗适应0dB强光刺激时的反应、振荡电位、明适应白色标准闪光刺激时的反应和明适应快速重复闪烁光刺激的反应。

METHODS: By using Vision Monitor visual evoked response imaging system, the standards for five obtained Flash Electroretinogram were recorded on 53 normal subjects (73 eyes), including F-ERG to a weak flash in the dark-adapted eye,F-ERG to a strong flash in the dark-adapted eye, oscillatory potentials, F-ERG to a strong flash in the light-adapted eye, and F-ERGs to a rapidly repeated stimulus.

应用法国Metrovision 公司生产的Vision Monitor 视觉诱发系统检测正常人53例73眼。F-ERG的5个标准反应，包括暗适应25dB弱光刺激时的反应、暗适应0dB强光刺激时的反应、振荡电位、明适应白色标准闪光刺激时的反应和明适应快速重复闪烁光刺激的反应。

It is confirmed that under the illumination of light the dark-adaptedBR is quickly turned into the light-adapted, and undergoes a photo-chemical cycle then through a sequence of intermediates of J, K, L,comes into a more stable intermediate-M state. M state relaxes to B state in about one hour. B state converts completely into D state after 24 hours. B state initiates the photochemical cycle under illumination, while it can transform into D state in the dark. So B state is a key intermediate in the BR photochemical cycle.

实验证实，样品受光照激发后很快从暗适应型经过光适应型进入光循环，经过一系列的光化学中间体到达较稳定的M态。M态经过约1小时热驰豫完全回到光适应型B态，B态再经过24小时缓慢热驰豫完全回到暗适应型D态。B态受光则进入光循环，不受光则转化为D态，从而认为B态是菌紫质光循环路径中一个重要的分支节点。

After feeding a nother 3 days in different environments with normal diet, all animals were killed and cGMP level and NOS expression were analysed in retina and retinogenicualte.Results:The NOS expression and cGMP contents of photoreceptor cells, vi sual cortex and retinogeniculate were increased in dark adaptation group compar ed with light group.

结果：在暗适应条件下，视网膜光感受体细胞NOS表达，视皮层、外侧膝状体、顶盖前区或海马cGMP含量增加，而在明适应状态下，NDP组化染色浅淡，牛磺酸及微量营养素的干预则能明显增强暗适应条件下NOS的着色反应，增加光照及暗适应条件下上述脑功能区cGMP含量。

After feeding a nother 3 days in different environments with normal diet, all animals were killed and cGMP level and NOS expression were analysed in retina and retinogenicualte.Results:The NOS expression and cGMP contents of photoreceptor cells, vi sual cortex and retinogeniculate were increased in dark adaptation group compar ed with light group. Nutritional intervention could enhance the NOS staining in dark environment, increased the cGMP contents whether light or dark condition.

结果：在暗适应条件下，视网膜光感受体细胞NOS表达，视皮层、外侧膝状体、顶盖前区或海马cGMP含量增加，而在明适应状态下，NDP组化染色浅淡，牛磺酸及微量营养素的干预则能明显增强暗适应条件下NOS的着色反应，增加光照及暗适应条件下上述脑功能区cGMP含量。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。