暂态

It indicts that fuzzy PID controller is better in transient response and higher in accuracy. It has a very good response characteristic to the input of jump and the input of slope, and it has better adaptability and stronger robustness when the system parameters have changed.

分析结果表明，参数自整定的模糊PID控制器具有很好的暂态响应性能和稳态性能，对阶跃输入和斜坡输入都具有较好的响应特性，对系统参数的变化具有较强的适应性和鲁棒性。

This paper presents synthetic detecting fault feeder method based on the method of summation of mutual integral of transient current for intermittent arc earth fault and the method of summation of admittance mutual difference and fused current method for steady earth fault.

提出了基于电弧接地故障的暂态电流互积求和选线法和针对稳态接地故障的导纳互差求和选线法和融合电流选线法的综合选线方法。

Research results show that the latter is more suitable to describe the artificial boundary accuracy of near-field wave motion decoupling numerical simulation, and the former can be used to estimate the upper limit of artificial boundary error.

研究结果表明：理想暂态情形下的反射系数，更适合描述近场波动解耦数值模拟中的人工边界精度；而理想稳态情形下的反射系数可用于估计人工边界误差的上限。

Some possible applications of wide-area measurement system in power system are gathered up, including applications in static analysis, recording dynamic procedures of the whole power network and post-contingency analysis, identifying and calibrating the dynamic model of power system, transient stability prediction and control, voltage and frequency stability monitoring and control, analyzing and damping the low frequency oscillation, global feedback control, fault location and parameter measurement o...

综述了广域测量系统(Wide-Area Measurement System，WAMS)在电力系统稳态分析、全网动态过程记录和事后分析、电力系统动态模型辨识和模型校正、暂态稳定预测及控制、电压和频率稳定监视及控制、低频振荡分析及抑制、全局反馈控制、故障定位及线路参数测量等方面的应用。通过这些应用可以看到，WAMS给电力系统分析与控制提供了新的视角和解决方法，值得深入研究。

In order to assure that the plant can be safely shutdown and to comply with the requirement of 10CFR 50.62, various ATWS prevention mitigation features have been implemented in the design of Lungmen Plant, including Fine Motion Control Rod DriveRun In, Alternate Rod Insertion, Automatic Initiation of Standby Liquid Control System, Reactor Internal Pump Trip/ Runback, Feedwater Flow Runback, and Inhibition of Automatic Depressurization System.

摘要 核四厂属进步型沸水式核能电厂，其采用数位式仪控系统设计，考虑设计上可能存在软体共因失效问题，导致反应器无法顺利急停，产生预期暂态未急停（Anticipated Transient Without Scram， ATWS）事件，为确保反应器安全，并符合10CFR 50.62法规要求，电厂设计上装设有缓抑ATWS事故之软体与硬体设施，包括微调控制棒驱动机构插入、替代性控制棒插入、备用硼液控制系统自动启动、炉内泵跳脱、炉内泵回退、饲水回退与禁止自动释压系统开启等型态。

Aimed at the problem of choosing the initial value when the Newton method is used to compute the controlling unstable equilibrium point, a practical and rigorous solving scheme was presented: by identifying the controlling load bus of the given fault, and using the Thevenin equivalent circuit to represent the rest of the system at the state of the post disturbance stable equilibrium point, using the steady equivalent circuit to represent the induction motor in composite load, and then using the torque characteristics of induction motor, a point near the CUEP is gained to be the initial value. The second order normal forms was used to approximate the stable manifold of CUEP, and the local approximating boundary of the region of attraction of the post disturbance stable equilibrium point was gained. Then just by simulating the state of the system at the fault clearing time, the transient voltage stability of the system could be determined.

针对采用牛顿法求取故障后系统主导不稳定平衡点(controlling unstable equilibrium point，CUEP)存在的初值选取难题，提出一种实用但不失严谨的解决方案：通过识别给定故障的主导负荷母线，对主导负荷母线以外系统由故障后稳定平衡点处的状态进行戴维南等值，对负荷中感应电动机部分采用其稳态等值电路，再由感应电动机的转矩特性求得CUEP附近的一个点作为近似的CUEP，以此为迭代初值可靠求得CUEP；采用二阶正规型来近似CUEP的稳定流形的方法求得近似的局部吸引域边界；由仿真得到故障清除时刻系统的状态并根据该状态是否位于吸引域内判断系统的暂态电压稳定性。

Using this method, the thermal analysis of air-core reactor is performed without specifying the convection coefficients at its development stage. Therefore, the experimental cost of air-core reactor is decreased and the design period is shortened.

建立了空心电抗器磁场、电路、流场和温度场耦合计算的有限元模型，将磁场-电路计算得到的焦耳热作为流场和温度场计算中的热源，从而求出了空心电抗器的稳态和暂态温度场分布及最高温度值。

While fault occurs, there is a transient or steady -state response to the power network.

出现故障时，对电网有一个暂态或稳态的快速响应。

Put forward the conception of steady voltage and transient voltage stability control of wind power plants.

提出风电场稳态电压和暂态电压稳定性控制的概念。

Heat transfer and temperature analysis for steady and unsteady state with the constant height of the step.

对於固定阶梯高度(H = 15mm)分别作暂态及稳态的温度及热传分析。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。