晶粒内的

In the crack propagation process, grains near the main crack are deformed and elongated tempestuously, resulting in their breaking and new grains with high angle grain boundary formed.

在裂纹扩展过程中，强烈的内应力使主裂纹附近的晶粒产生剧烈的变形，拉长直至破裂，并形成新晶粒；新形成的晶界表现为大角晶界。

Low temperature ordering of FePt thin films has been achieved by using a thin equiatomic AuCu underlayer.

提出并利用相干生长的多层膜中有序－无序转变过程的彼此关联作用，借助AuCu缓冲层的低温有序化，降低FePt薄膜的有序转变温度200℃以上，为FePt薄膜的低温有序化开劈了一条新途径；制备多层膜，退火形成有序相FePt纳米颗粒分散在Ag基体的复合结构，比FePt/Ag共溅射或合金多层膜方法的退火温度明显降低；通过缓冲层Ta控制FePt的粗糙度和晶界密度，同时界面附近Ta、Pt发生化学反应，两者共同促进薄膜内Pt原子的有效迁移，从而加速FePt有序化；进一步，在Ta和FePt之间插入Bi薄层，强化Ta、Pt的扩散，在更低温度下形成高矫顽力的有序化FePt薄膜且FePt晶粒之间交换作用大大减弱；发现MgO薄膜作底层，可控制与MgO晶粒尺寸大致相当的临界厚度以下的FePt有序化薄膜的（001）取向，同时，MgO和FePt的相对厚度显著影响（001）取向FePt的有序化。

The good catalytic performances were obtained on those catalysts supported by SiO_2. With the increasing calcination temperature from 300℃to 700℃, Co_3O_4 particles augmented and sintered on the samples surface which contained 10 wt.% cobalt, the crystallite size of Co_3O_4 was aggrandized from 7.2 nm to 20.3 nm by inchmeal. On the other hand, the activation energy for the combustion reaction was increased linearly with the augment of average crystallite size of Co_3O_4, the TOF value on prepared catalyst was decreased with it. Thus, the catalytic combustion was a typical structure-sensitive reaction.

在钴含量为10 wt%的样品上，随着焙烧温度由300℃提高到700℃，钴物种出现迁移团聚甚至烧结，在XRD中测定的Co_3O_4晶粒尺寸由7.2 nm逐步增加至20.3 nm；另一方面，催化剂的燃烧活化能随样品上Co_3O_4晶粒的平均尺寸增加而呈现线形增加趋势，而单位时间内单位活性物种上的甲烷转换频数随着粒径增加而逐渐降低，这一现象证实了该反应属于典型的结构敏感反应。

In this work the unhomogeneity of microstructure in product strips has been studied, and the methods to control grain size with the hot rolling technological parameters are given. The capacity to control the property unhomogeneity of hot strips has been greatly improved after using the methods. According the statistics of production, the the property unhomogeneity over 99% strips is less than 80 MPa in a batch of coils, and less than 40MPa in a coil.

8对大量实际生产带钢组织和性能的不均匀性进行了研究，提出了通过调整热轧工艺参数来进行晶粒尺寸均匀度控制的的具体措施，实际生产采取该控制手段后，使宝钢对管线钢性能波动的控制水平得到大幅度的提高；强度波动由管线钢生产初期的批量内150～200MPa，卷内100MPa提高到批量内00MPa，卷内0MPa，可按合同交货；大生产实际水平为：99％产品的强度波动量达到批量内0MPa，卷内0MPa。

Whereas, in the unrecovered sample which was heated by laser for short time, although the＜001＞∥ND subgrains growth could be observed, but the growing preference was not so sharp as that in the recovered case.

通过透射电镜对铜的微观亚结构形貌观察与取向分析表明，在初始晶粒为15μm、经88％冷轧的样品中发现，冷轧基体中存在清晰的亚晶粒间界，并存在＜001＞∥ND取向区域；＜001＞∥ND亚晶周围聚集有＜011＞∥ND、＜112＞∥ND和＜123＞∥ND取向亚晶；＜001＞∥ND亚晶内具有较低的位错密度，而其它取向亚晶位错密度相对较高。

Acicular ferrite microstructure in micro-alloyed steels, which nucleates around non-metallic inclusions, especially oxide inclusions, has high strength and good toughness and possesses strong grain-refining ability by itself. The ultra-fine grained steel with excellent weldability is likely to be produced by forming in materials a great number of fine and dispersive micro-inclusions which is helpful to induce AF to nucleate around them through oxide metallurgy technology.

微合金钢针状铁素体组织强度高、韧性好，在奥氏体晶内非金属夹杂物上诱导形核，具有很强的自身细化晶粒的能力，通过氧化物冶金技术控制钢铁材料形成大量细小、弥散，具有诱导AF形核能力的有益微夹杂物，有望获得焊接性能优良的超细晶粒钢。

The results show that it is possible to improve the properties of low carbonsteel against straining and aging by controlling the hot working conditions andthat the grain size and microstructure of killed steel may vary within fairly widelimits and yet its impact values after strain-aging may still remain within the re-quired standard; whereas strict control of the grain size and microstructure is ne-cessary in order to produce rimming steel of required impact value after strain-aging.

结果示：控制热轧条件可以改进&钢三&的显微结构，从而改善了&钢三&机械时效处理后的变脆倾向，其中镇静钢的显微结构和晶粒度可以在较大的范围内改变而成品均可以达到标准的要求，但沸腾钢则要严格地控制其显微结构和晶粒度才能合格。

Refining grain behavior of the heat affected zone of E36 high strength low alloy steel was studied, when E36 steel was welded by three wires submerged arc welding with 110 kJ/cm large heat input.

研究了焊接热输入为110kJ/cm三丝埋弧自动焊E36高强度低合金钢热影响区的晶粒细化行为；用自动图像分析仪测量了焊接热影响区诱导晶内铁素体形核夹杂物的大小、分布；用透射电镜观察了具有自细化行为晶内铁素体的形貌。

Refining grain behavior of the heat affected zone of E36 high strength low alloy steel was studied, when E36 steel was welded by three wires submerged arc welding with 110 kJ/cm large heat input .

大热输入焊接时，氧硫复合物诱导热影响区的晶内铁素体形核，并促进晶内铁素体的感生形核，晶内铁素体及其感生晶内铁素体使热影响区粗晶区的晶粒细化，确保焊接热影响区粗晶区的强度与韧性不降低。

The tailorable biodegradation of calcium phosphates composite powders can be effectively improved with the composite powders containing nanostructured clusters, in which the different phases exist in uniformly.

按生物环境下磷酸钙实际降解过程的要求，不同晶相的晶粒应形成一个纳米结构化的团簇（即在几百纳米范围内各相均匀分布的纳米晶粒团聚体），这样才能有效地发挥出复相调节生物降解速率的效能。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。