晶粒内的

The apatite with end-member cations, the apatite solid solutions [M-M1 AP] withdivalent cations substitution, the fluorapatite and the chlorapatite with end-memberations, the apatite solid solutions [Xi-X2 AP] with column-ions substitution were synthesizedthrough " solid-phase reaction method" in inert gas.

对不同Ca/P摩尔比HAP来说，在1.2≤R≤2.3范围内，随R值偏离正常配比程度的增大，其比表面积增大、晶粒尺寸ΓA，Γ(221，ΓR减小、晶形指数降低、结晶度减小、晶格缺陷度增大；当R=2.5时，晶粒尺寸和结晶度反而增大，出现反常，但晶格缺陷度却保持有规律增加。

This article studies the effects of rare-earth modification on carbides pattern,distribution,matrix graininess of high Cr cast iron roller.

本文研究了稀土变质处理对高铬铸铁轧辊的碳化物的形态、分布和基体晶粒度的影响，认为稀土元素在适量的范围内，可提高这种轧辊的冲击韧性、抗压强度、抗剥落性能。

The results show that the interplanar crystal spacing and lattice index of Al-rich α phase reduce gradually with increasing pressure. When the pressure reaches from common pressure to 5 GPa , Al-rich α phase lies on the (200) and (220) crystal faces, the interplanar crystal spacing are reduced by 1.07% and 1.15%. From common pressure to 3 GPa , the microstructure of ZA27 alloy changes from thick dendrites to fine dendrites, and finally to granular. According to the effect of solute diffusion coefficient under super high pressure and the calculation of Scherrer formula, it can be seen that the crystal organization is fine within the bounds of certain pressure. This conclusion is consistent with the experiment results.

结果表明：随着压力的增加，晶面间距和晶格常数都逐渐减小，当压力达到5 GPa时，富铝α相在(200)与(220)晶面处，晶面间距较常压力时的分别减小1.07%和1.15%；在常压至3 GPa范围内，晶粒由粗大的树枝晶→细小的树枝晶→粒状、椭球状枝晶转变的趋势，通过压力对合金凝固溶质扩散系数的影响结合Scherrer公式计算分析其组织变化原因，得出在一定的压力范围内，随着压力的增大，晶粒尺寸逐渐变小，这一结论与实验结果相符。

According to different assession theories, different experimental results can be given possible explanations

在较粗的晶粒范围内，大晶粒的氧化铝陶瓷具有较好的抗热震性，而在较细的晶粒范围内，小晶粒的氧化铝陶瓷具有较好的抗热震性

Evolution pattern of solidification microstructure in the monophase Cu Ni alloy in the range of thermo dynamically supercooling of 63～292 K is investigated, and both the condition of supercooling degree and orientation mechanism and control method of directional crystalline growth in the melt under negative temperature gradient are analyzed.

研究了 6 3～ 2 92K热力学过冷度范围内，Cu Ni单相合金的凝固组织演化规律，分析了负温度梯度熔体中晶体定向生长的过冷度条件以及晶体生长取向机制与控制方法。结果表明：(1)在临界过冷度ΔT (≈ 10 6K)附近，晶粒细化过程受溶质扩散控制，在临界过冷度ΔT (≈ 2 0 0K)附近，晶粒细化过程受热扩散控制；(2 )在 6 3～ΔT K范围内，晶体的生长方向是 [10 0 ]，在 12 7～ΔT K范围内，晶体的生长方向可以是 [10 0 ]，也可以是

A steel plate having a tensile strength of at least about 930 MPa (135Ksi), a toughness as measured by Charpy V-notch impact test at least about 120 joules (88 ft-lb), and a microstructure comprising at least about 90 volume percent of a mixture of fine-grained lower bainite and fine-grained lath martensite, wherein at least about 2/3 of said mixture consists of fine-grained lower bainite transformed from unrecrystallized austenite having an average grain size of less than about 10 microns and comprising iron and specified weight percentages of the additives: carbon, silicon, manganese, copper, nickel, niobium, titanium, aluminum, calcium,rare earth metals, and magnesium, is prepared by heating a steel slab to a suitable temperature; reducing the slab to form plate in one or more hot rolling passes (10) in a first temperature range in which austenite recrystallizes; further reducing said plate in one or more hot rolling passes (10) in a second temperature range in which austenite does not recrystallize, quenching (12) said plate to a suitable quench stop temperature (16); and stopping said quenching and allowing said plate to air cool (18) to ambient temperature.

一种钢板，其抗拉强度至少约930MPa135ksi），在－40℃（－40°F）下，采用夏氏V型缺口冲击试验测定的韧性至少约120焦耳（88英尺－磅），并且其显微组织包含至少约90％体积的细晶粒的下贝氏体和细晶粒的板条马氏体的混合物，其中该混合物的至少约2／3由从平均粒径小于约10微米的未再结晶奥氏体转变而来的细晶粒的下贝氏体组成，而且，其中所述的钢板包含铁和特定重量百分比的添加元素：碳、硅、锰、铜、镍、铌、钛、铝、钙、稀土金属和镁，所述钢的制备过程为：将一钢板坯加热至一个适当的温度；在奥氏体可发生再结晶的第一个温度范围内，采用一个或多个热轧道次（10），将所述板坯轧制成板材；在奥氏体不发生再结晶的第二个温度范围，采用一个或多个热轧道次（10）进一步轧制所述板材；将所述板材淬火处理（12）至一个适当的淬火终止温度（16）；停止所述淬火处理并将所述板材空冷（18）至室温。

The invention provides a preparation method of small crystal SAPO-43 molecular sieve, which is characterized in that: the stepwise procedures are adopted to synthetize SAPO-43 molecular sieve, temperature-rising rate in different temperature phase during crystallization is controlled, so that the synthetized SAPO-43 molecular sieve has small particles, even crystal particles, short crystallization time, and reduce the amount of templates greatly, thereby reducing environmental pollution.

本发明的目的是提供一种小晶粒SAPO-43分子筛的制备方法。本发明的特点在于它是采用分阶段程序升温来快速合成小晶粒SAPO-43分子筛。通过对晶化过程中不同温度段内升温速率的控制，从而实现了合成的SAPO-43分子筛晶粒小，晶粒尺寸分布均匀，晶化时间短，且大大的降低了模板剂的用量，从而减少了对环境的污染。

The isothermal kinetics of nanogram obtained by MA has been studied in section three. The grain growth of α solid solution of Fe〓CuNb〓Si〓B〓 powders is controlled by a single kinetics within the experimental temperature range, the activation energy for grain growth is 80.3kJ/mol, magnetic properties of powders at different annealing and milling conditions are measured, a preliminary effort has been given to the consolidation of Fe〓CuNb〓Si〓B〓 powders.

第三部分研究了机械纳米晶化粉末的等温晶粒长大动力学，在实验研究的温度范围内，Fe〓CuNb〓Si〓B〓纳米晶α固溶体的晶粒长大由单一的动力学过程所控制，其晶粒长大激活能为80.3kJ/mol，研究了不同球磨条件及热处理条件下纳米晶粉末的磁性，对纳米晶粉末的成型进行了初步的尝试。

The results shows that the flow characteristics of SiC-AlN granulated powder is obviously promoted after spray drying and a suitable particles grade match. With the increasing of pressure, the density of green body increases by the style of ladder at the pressure range of 4080 MPa, 80160 MPa and 160220 MPa, the green body is uniform and densification without hard pelleted particles above 160 MPa. The pressureless sintering SiC-AlN multiphase ceramic possesses superior sintering properties and mechanical properties. It is due to the rampart formation of AlN to SiC grain growth and the reaction of SiC and AlN to form 2H solid solution. It results in the grain fining, crack expansion producing bypass and deflection, fracture section producing tearing-open and pulling-out effects, which cooperatively improves the strength and fracture toughness of the multiphase ceramics.

结果表明：喷雾造粒后，复合粉体的流动特性显著提高，粒度级配合理；随着压强增加，坯体密度在40~80、80~160和160~220 MPa范围内呈现阶梯式增长，160 MPa以上成形后素坯均匀致密，无硬球颗粒存在；无压烧结SiC-AlN复相陶瓷具有优越的烧结性能和力学性能，这是由于AlN对SiC晶粒形成生长势垒，并反应生成2H型固溶体，从而细化晶粒，导致裂纹扩展产生了绕道与偏转效应，呈现晶粒撕裂与拨出现象，协同改善了复相陶瓷的强度及断裂韧性。

The main research tasks and results are as follows:(1) Through comparing the stress intensity factor of compact tension specimen calculated by finite element software with the theoretical value, the feasibility of calculating fracture parameters of crack tip in ABAQUS software was verified.(2) The relationship between the elastic modulus of the material and research scale was studied based on deriving the cohesive stress theory and other relevant theories. And the elastic modulus of the material on meso-scale was determined.(3) Global model and sub-model of the finite element were built in th...e macro-scale, and stress-strain field nearby the crack tip was analyzed, and the results show that the detailed stress-strain in the crack tip could be obtained by using the sub-model technique.(4) In meso-scale, the crack growth model was also established by assuming the crack propagating along the grain boundary, and the detailed stress-strain field in the crack tip was obtained.(5) The effect of crack length on Von Mises stress, and maximum principal stress and strain was analyzed in meso-scale when equivalent KI equals 30MPa.m1/2. And the results show that except for crack tip area, the stress-strain distribution in whole specimen is not affected.

主要完成研究内容和取得成果如下：(1)利用有限元软件计算出紧凑拉伸试样的裂纹尖端应力强度因子KI值，其结果与理论值一致，从而验证了利用ABAQUS计算裂纹尖端相关断裂参量的可行性；(2)在研究内聚应力等相关理论的基础上，推导出了研究尺度与材料弹性模量的近似关系，并确定了介观尺度上的弹性模量；(3)在宏观尺度上建立了全局有限元计算模型和子模型，得到了裂纹尖端应力应变场分布，结果表明利用子模型技术获得比较准确的裂纹尖端应力应变场分布是可行的；(4)在介观尺度上利用平均晶粒尺度的方式建立了裂纹沿晶扩展模型，得到了裂纹尖端断裂过程区的微观应力应变场；(5)当应力强度因子为30MPa.m1/2时，分析了介观尺度上在裂纹沿晶扩展过程中裂纹长度对Mises应力、最大主应力和应变的影响，结果表明，裂纹扩展长度对试样整体应力应变分布影响不大，而对裂纹尖端区域有较大影响；(6)介。。。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。