晶粒

The growth of austenite grains with temperature during heating and the effect on it have been studied.

本文研究了18％Ni(350KSi)马氏体时效钢在加热过程中晶粒长大随温度的变化规律，与应力状态对奥氏体晶粒长大的影响。

In order to set up a CA model that has a better physical significance, a new second criterion, considering the effects of the thermodynamic mechanism and the activation energy, was appended for the transition of cellular state. The grain growth processes were investigated for different temperatures and activation energies, respectively.

摘 要：为建立一个具有更好物理基础的晶粒长大仿真模型，采用CA法，基于热力学和能量机制，提出元胞取向状态转变的二次判断方式，制定相应的转变规则，并对不同温度和材料迁移激活能条件下晶粒长大过程进行模拟研究。

The main reason for the difference of ceria solubility in two ceramics sintered from two kinds of powders is attributed to the different stabilizing mode.

稳定剂进入微结构方式的不同是两种工艺中CeO〓在晶粒中固溶量随晶粒尺寸变化出现差异的主要原因。

It was found that the solvent type affected the gel point, the different amount of water addition could alter the structure of condensation polymer, the varying of ageing time influenced the growth of grains and the calcination temperature had great effect on phase structure and grain size.

发现不同的溶剂类型能够改变胶凝时间，加水量的多少会影响醇盐水解缩聚物的结构，陈化时间的长短直接改变晶粒的生长状态，煅烧温度的变化对粉体的相结构和晶粒大小有重要的作用。

He TiO_2 crystal grains conglutinate and distribute uniformly on slide in the form of multi-crystal anatase phase.

iO_2晶粒以多个锐钛矿相晶体(晶粒在10nm左右)的形式附着在玻璃片上，且分布相对均匀。

Accounting by Scherrer equation, it is showed that the grain size of TiN in (111) and (200) crystal face is less than 20nm at large and the size in (220) crystal face is mostly less than 10nm, forming nanocrystal grain, consequently coming into being surperhard result by grain refinement.

采用Scherrer公式计算出TiN相的(111)和(200)晶面的晶粒尺寸普遍0nm，(220)等晶面对应的晶粒尺寸普遍0nm，形成了TiN纳米晶，从而产生晶粒细化致硬的效果。

The isothermal kinetics of nanogram obtained by MA has been studied in section three. The grain growth of α solid solution of Fe〓CuNb〓Si〓B〓 powders is controlled by a single kinetics within the experimental temperature range, the activation energy for grain growth is 80.3kJ/mol, magnetic properties of powders at different annealing and milling conditions are measured, a preliminary effort has been given to the consolidation of Fe〓CuNb〓Si〓B〓 powders.

第三部分研究了机械纳米晶化粉末的等温晶粒长大动力学，在实验研究的温度范围内，Fe〓CuNb〓Si〓B〓纳米晶α固溶体的晶粒长大由单一的动力学过程所控制，其晶粒长大激活能为80.3kJ/mol，研究了不同球磨条件及热处理条件下纳米晶粉末的磁性，对纳米晶粉末的成型进行了初步的尝试。

The mainly conclusions in our research are as flowing: tungsten trioxide powders with 100 nm primary particle are obtained by spray drying,calcination and wet milling process, and an average size of quadric particle composed of agglomerated particles is 0.64 μm; tungtsen powders with 39 nm grain size and 60 -100 nm primary particle are produced directly from previous tungsten trioxide using one step reduction in hydrogen at 700℃, and an average size of quadric particle of tungsten powder is 2.91 μm; tungsten trioxide and copper tungstate compound powders with 100 nm - 200 nm primary particle are produced using ammonia metatungsten and copper nitrate as raw materials by spray drying,calcination and wet milling process;the compound powders are transformed completely into tungsten and copper compound powders by reduction in hydrogen at 700℃,in which tungsten grain size is 59 nm and copper grain size is 51 nm; primary particle size of compound powders is 80 - 120 nm,and an average size of agglomerated quadric particle is 1.86 μm; tungsten nitride powders with 35 nm grain size are prepared from tungsten trioxide powders by nitrogen treatment thoroughly in pure ammonia at 650℃, and an average size of agglomerated quadric particle is 0.64 μm in normal temperature.

研究结果表明：采用喷雾干燥—焙烧—球磨工艺可以制备出粒度约为100nm的WO_3粉体，它们在团聚后形成的二次颗粒平均粒度为0.64μm；采用一步直接氢还原方法可在700℃下从上述WO_3粉体制备出晶粒尺寸为39nm的、一次颗粒粒度为60-100nm的W粉体，其二次颗粒的平均粒度为2.91μm；以偏钨酸铵、硝酸铜为原料，采用喷雾干燥—焙烧—球磨工艺可制备出一次粒度为100-200nm的WO_3和CuWO_4混合粉体；采用氢还原工艺可在700℃下将这种粉体完全转变为W、Cu复合粉体，其中W的平均晶粒粒尺寸为59nm，Cu的平均晶粒尺寸为51nm；复合粉体的一次颗粒尺寸为80-120nm，在常温下团聚后形成的二次平均粒度为1.86μm；采用纯氨氮化工艺可以在650℃下由WO_3粉体制得WN，其晶粒尺度为35nm，在常温下团聚后的二次平均粒度为6.4μm。

The results shows that the flow characteristics of SiC-AlN granulated powder is obviously promoted after spray drying and a suitable particles grade match. With the increasing of pressure, the density of green body increases by the style of ladder at the pressure range of 4080 MPa, 80160 MPa and 160220 MPa, the green body is uniform and densification without hard pelleted particles above 160 MPa. The pressureless sintering SiC-AlN multiphase ceramic possesses superior sintering properties and mechanical properties. It is due to the rampart formation of AlN to SiC grain growth and the reaction of SiC and AlN to form 2H solid solution. It results in the grain fining, crack expansion producing bypass and deflection, fracture section producing tearing-open and pulling-out effects, which cooperatively improves the strength and fracture toughness of the multiphase ceramics.

结果表明：喷雾造粒后，复合粉体的流动特性显著提高，粒度级配合理；随着压强增加，坯体密度在40~80、80~160和160~220 MPa范围内呈现阶梯式增长，160 MPa以上成形后素坯均匀致密，无硬球颗粒存在；无压烧结SiC-AlN复相陶瓷具有优越的烧结性能和力学性能，这是由于AlN对SiC晶粒形成生长势垒，并反应生成2H型固溶体，从而细化晶粒，导致裂纹扩展产生了绕道与偏转效应，呈现晶粒撕裂与拨出现象，协同改善了复相陶瓷的强度及断裂韧性。

The distribution of the grain edge lengths maintains self-similarity in the period of quasi-stationary grain growth.

不同时刻的晶粒长大仿真数据表明，在准稳态晶粒长大阶段晶粒棱长的分布具有自相似性。

Fancy gold-plated dangling earrings with facetted White Opal crystals.

花式镀金悬垂耳环与facetted白欧泊水晶。

This essay chooses the study aim from biology teachers in middle school in Shi Jiazhuang which tells us that most of the middle school biology teachers in Shi Jiazhuang have the"burnout", lower successfulness, individualize.

本文选取石家庄市初中生物教师作为研究对象，运用问卷调查的方法对石家庄市初中生物教师职业倦怠的现状进行调查，调查结果发现，石家庄市初中生物教师这一群体普遍存在职业倦怠，情感枯竭程度偏高，成就感偏低，去个性化程度最为严重。