晶粒

The welding nugget happened to dynamically recrystallize and the refined crystal grains were obtained and the majority of Mg_2Si particles dissoluted due to the intensive mechanical stir and higher high temperature. In the thermal-mechanical affect zone that was heated under the recrystallized temperature, the crystal grains were elongated due to the mechanical stir and Mg_2Si particles partly dissoluted and the others grew. In the heat affect heat without the mechanical stir, to some extent, both of the crystal grains and the majority of Mg_2Si particles grew.

焊核区受到强烈机械搅拌作用和加热到较高的温度发生动态再结晶，得到细小等轴晶组织，Mg_2Si相以溶解为主；热机影响区加热温度低于再结晶温度，在机械搅拌作用下晶粒由于塑性变形而伸长，Mg_2Si相部分溶解，部分长大；热影响区仅受加热影响，晶粒有一定程度长大，Mg_2Si相以长大为主。

Compared to the sample without ultrasonic treatment, it was found that, for AZ31 magnesium melt alloy treated by ultrasonic, the refined grain size and the inproved distribution of grain with its shape of oval-shaped or spherical can be obtained, and the precipitation inside Al matrix was inhibited The Mg17 Al12 precipitates distributed mainly along the grain boundary and hardness was improved remarkedly.

通过对铁合金AZ31进行熔体超声处理发现，处理后试样的晶粒较未进行超声处理的试样有明显细化，分布均匀程度提高，形状呈椭圆状或球状，合金元素Al在晶粒内的析出被抑制，Mg17Al12第二相的析出主要集中于晶界，硬度有明显提高，并且通过试验确定出了最佳处理功率和时间，为超声波在铸造生产中的应用提供了依据。

The sample which has retrogressive phenomenon precipitates the secondary phase during re-ageing treatment subsequently, and the reprecipitation sequence is due to the grain size caused by severe plastic deformation. There is a critical grain size below which the reprecipitation sequence changes, the heterogeneous precipitation of phase at grain boundaries would suppress precipitation of metastable phases such as GP zones and η′ phase.

强变形导致回归后的合金在再时效处理时可再次沉淀析出第二相粒子，但析出相的析出顺序与强变形后合金的晶粒尺有相关，当晶粒细化到某一临界尺寸以下时，析出顺序发生改变，非均匀形核的平衡相可抑制GP区、η′亚稳相等前期粒子的析出。

The results indicate that adding some nano-aditives can reduce the sintering temperature, and the nano-aditives restain the growing up of tungsten crystal particles.

研究结果表明：加入纳米添加剂可降低烧结温度；选用的纳米添加剂对钨晶粒的长大起了抑制作用，细化了W-Ni-Cu合金的晶粒；适量的纳米添加剂大部分分布于Ni-Cu粘结相中。

The results show that Sb addition can diminish the crystal grain, but the content of segregative phase at crystal boundary increases, and the current efficiency of material is low. Compared with Sb addition, Sn addition can also diminish the crystal grain, the current efficiency increases, the content of segregative phase at crystal boundary reduces, but diffusional corrosion of the anode surface is not uniform. The cooperation of Sb and Sn can prevent Si from segregating effectively and enhance the current efficiency obviously. At the same time, anode materials have preferable surface dissolution characteristics.

结果表明： Sb具有细化晶粒的作用，但晶界存在较多偏析相，电流效率偏低；与Sb相比较， Sn也具有细化晶粒的作用，电流效率有所提高，晶界偏析相较少，但阳极的表面腐蚀溶解不均匀； Sn和Sb的协同作用在于能有效地抑制Si的偏析，显著提高阳极的电流效率，使得阳极表面具有良好的腐蚀溶解性。

The Ni-S deposits obtained from bath containing sulphosalicylic have higher sulphur contents, obvious amorphous textures and much smaller grain sizes than those from the bath without additive.

结果表明，磺基水杨酸在电沉积过程中既促进了晶核的形成，又阻碍了晶粒的长大，导致Ni-S沉积层的晶粒细化、非晶态化程度和硫含量的提高。

The Ni-S deposits obtained from bath containing sulphosalicylic have higher sulphur contents, obvious amorphous textures and much smaller grain sizes than those from the bath without additive.

结果表明，磺基水杨酸在电沈积过程中既促进了晶核的形成，又阻碍了晶粒的长大，导致Ni-S沈积层的晶粒细化、非晶态化程度和硫含量的提高。

The results show that with the increase in milling time,the crystal sizes of W-Cu milled powder will be finer,while the undersaturation solid solution wi.

结果表明，随着球磨时间的增加，钨铜球磨粉末晶粒尺寸得到细化，且有不饱和固溶体产生；烧结合金晶粒尺寸长大，孔洞减少，相对密度增大接近全致密。

The results show that with the increase in milling time, the crystal sizes of W-Cu milled powder will be finer, while the undersaturation solid solution will generate, the crystal sizes of sintered alloy will grow up, holes will reduce and the relative density will reduce and approach to full density.

结果表明，随着球磨时间的增加，钨铜球磨粉末晶粒尺寸得到细化，且有不饱和固溶体产生；烧结合金晶粒尺寸长大，孔洞减少，相对密度增大接近全致密。

Whereas, in the unrecovered sample which was heated by laser for short time, although the＜001＞∥ND subgrains growth could be observed, but the growing preference was not so sharp as that in the recovered case.

通过透射电镜对铜的微观亚结构形貌观察与取向分析表明，在初始晶粒为15μm、经88％冷轧的样品中发现，冷轧基体中存在清晰的亚晶粒间界，并存在＜001＞∥ND取向区域；＜001＞∥ND亚晶周围聚集有＜011＞∥ND、＜112＞∥ND和＜123＞∥ND取向亚晶；＜001＞∥ND亚晶内具有较低的位错密度，而其它取向亚晶位错密度相对较高。

Fancy gold-plated dangling earrings with facetted White Opal crystals.

花式镀金悬垂耳环与facetted白欧泊水晶。

This essay chooses the study aim from biology teachers in middle school in Shi Jiazhuang which tells us that most of the middle school biology teachers in Shi Jiazhuang have the"burnout", lower successfulness, individualize.

本文选取石家庄市初中生物教师作为研究对象，运用问卷调查的方法对石家庄市初中生物教师职业倦怠的现状进行调查，调查结果发现，石家庄市初中生物教师这一群体普遍存在职业倦怠，情感枯竭程度偏高，成就感偏低，去个性化程度最为严重。