晶石的

Capacity fade is an obstacle to commercialize the lithium manganese oxide spinel. Unwanted side reactions due to active material dissolution, electrolyte decomposition, passive film formation, and other phenomeana occur during overcharge of overdischarge and cause the capacity loss or fade in these bateeries.

容量衰减是阻碍尖晶石锂锰氧化物商品化的主要障碍，正极活性材料的溶解、电解液的分解、钝化膜的形成等现象会引起充放电过程中不必要的副反应，这将导致电池容量的损失及衰减。

Using p-T pseudosections with contours of H20-contents, the medium-low pressure metamorphism for pelite from the Altai orogen was documented. We proposed that the andalusite-type metamorphic zones in Altai were related to the uplifting of kyanite-type zones and are characteristic of isomorphic transformation between aluminosilicates. Generally, it is difficult for the low-pressure metamorphic assemblages to reach an equilibrium state.

利用p-T视剖面图和饱和水含量等值线的行为研究阿尔泰造山带泥质岩石的中低压变质作用发现，阿尔泰地区红柱石型变质带的发生与蓝晶石型变质带的抬升有关，主要发生铝硅酸盐矿物之间的同质多相转变，低压变质矿物组合未能达到热力学平衡状态。

Significantly, these mines were not very far from the lapis lazuli and spinel ("Balas Ruby") mines in Badakhshan and, although separated by the formidable Pamir mountains, routes across them were, apparently, in use from very early times.

值得注意的是，尽管是被高大的帕米尔山脉所分隔，但是这些矿场离巴达赫尚的青金石和尖晶石矿场并不遥远，显然地，横过它们的路线在非常早的时候就已经使用。

Spinel lithium manganese oxide has become the most important material of li-ion second battery for its inexpensive price,excellent character and avirulence,and also gets some achievements in the recent years.

重点介绍了尖晶石相锂锰氧化物的主要合成方法，如固相反应法、软化学法等，并对它们的原理、优势和缺点进行了简单的介绍和讨论，对锰酸锂合成工艺的未来发展和走向作了简单的展望。

Neoproterozoic Baoxing Complex in middle to lower metamorphic grade, located in western margin of Yangtze Craton, consists mainly of metamorphic gabbroic, dioritic gneisses, tonalitic and granodioritic gneisses, and massive monzogranites The studies of petrochemistry and SmNd isotopes of Baoxing Complex reveal that the gabbroic and dioritic magmas came from a congenetic magma derived from the partial melting of spinel lherzolites in depletive mantle, and that the magma was intensively contaminated by crustal materials during its emplacement The tonalitic and granodioritic magma were derived from the partial melting of metamorphic basalts in the lower crust And the monzogranitic magma was formed from partial melting of metagreywacks Integrating the lithological association, their trace elements, SmNd isotopic characteristics and petrogenesis, the Baoxing Complex must likely have been emplaced in an island arc tectonic background at the Neoproterozoic active continental margin of Yangtze Craton

位于扬子克拉通西缘的新元古代宝兴杂岩主要由中低级变质的辉长质片麻岩、闪长质片麻岩、英云闪长质到花岗闪长质片麻岩和块状二长花岗岩组成。岩石地球化学和SmNd同位素特征表明，辉长质片麻岩和闪长质片麻岩为同源岩浆演化序列，原始岩浆起源于亏损地幔尖晶石橄榄岩的部分熔融，在上升和侵位过程中受到了地壳岩石强烈混染。英云闪长质和花岗闪长质岩浆形成于下地壳玄武质岩石部分熔融，而二长花岗质岩浆形成于杂砂岩的部分熔融。综合分析宝兴杂岩的岩石组合、微量元素和同位素特征，该杂岩体最有可能形成于新元古代活动大陆边缘火山弧构造背景，并可能经历了碰撞过程。

The cuspidine is all long known as the main factor leading to the low strength o the sinter bearing fluorine, But with the fluorine decreasing by a wide margin, the strength of the sinter bearingfluorine get lower. So, the first work is to fine out the reason to cause the strength low.

含氟烧结矿中的枪晶石一直被认为是制约包钢烧结矿强度的主要因素，但随着含氟量的大幅度降低，烧结矿的强度却进一步恶化，因此，弄清影响低氟烧结矿强度的原因是提高烧结矿强度的前提和基础。

This thesis has systematically studies the microstructure of the sinter bearing fluorine of different compositions and in different sintering condition.(1) The main units of the Low Fluorine Sinter are magnetite、hematite、 SFCA、larnite、glass and pore. The cuspidine doesn't form for the low content fluorine, and the fluorine is in glass; Sinter basicity dominates the forming of the larnite and SFCA, when basicity is between 1. 72 and 1. 96, there are more larnites in the binder phase, and when the basicity is biger than 1. 96, there are more SFCA in the binder phase; the hematite appears like magnetite and usually is around pore.

为此，本文对不同组成、不同烧结条件的烧结矿样品进行了系统的显微分析和研究，其主要内容包括：(1)构成低氟烧结矿的主要组元有磁铁矿、赤铁矿、铁酸钙、硅酸二钙、玻璃体和气孔，由于含氟量的降低，枪晶石等含氟矿物并未形成，氟分布在后期凝固的玻璃体中，其中硅酸二钙和铁酸钙受碱度影响较大，硅酸二钙在碱度为1.72～1.96范围内形成较多，铁酸钙在碱度大于1.96含量增多，赤铁矿呈磁铁矿假象，多分布在气孔周围，各组元的生成顺序为：磁铁矿—硅酸二钙—铁酸钙—玻璃体。

The performace of material was tested by DSC,XRD,SEM,EIS and charge-discharge cycles . The influences of various synthesized condition , sintering time and the amount of F were studied and correlative technics parameter to improve performance of material were optimized. DSC shows that three endotherimc peaks and one large exothermic peak are observed in the temperature range 150-400℃, which is because of the removal of water,the decomposition of the organic constituents and the formation of spinel. Only the citrate precursor is sintered at least 450℃, the crystallinity of spinel phase could be formed intactly.

通过DSC、XRD、SEM、EIS和充放电循环等手段对材料进行性能测试，比较了不同合成温度、烧结时间和不同掺杂元素量等条件对材料性能的影响，优选出提高材料性能的相关工艺参数， DSC表明，采用溶胶-凝胶-络合法制备的前驱体在150-400℃中有三个小的吸热峰和一个大的放热峰，这是前驱体中的水分、柠酸酸及其盐和醋酸及其盐在蒸发及分解，柠檬酸前驱体至少需在450℃以上才可能形成完整的尖晶石材料。

In ZnO varistors with antimony oxide, zinc antimony spinel produced during sintering process results a higher non-linearity and stability. The non ohmic property can also be enhanced by adding cobalt oxide or magnate oxide, but their effects are different, Co is more effective compared with Mn.

材料中添加Sb〓O〓时，烧结过程中生成的〓尖晶石相大大提高了材料的非线性和工作稳定性，Co〓O〓和MnO〓的加入有效增强了压敏电阻的非线性特性，而Co〓增强非线性特性的效果则更加显著。

The presence of Mg〓 will change the crystallization process of calcium carbonate and produce aragonite scale. The presence of Zn〓 can prevent the formation of the crystal nucleus of calcium carbonate and then prevent the scale.

当水的硬度、温度增加时，水的结垢速率增加；SO〓和NaCl含量增加，能使水的结垢速率略有增加；Mg〓能改变碳酸钙的结晶过程并产生文石状的水垢；Zn〓的参与能明显阻碍碳酸钙微晶核的生成，从而达到阻垢的目的。

It has been put forward that there exists single Ball point and double Ball points on the symmetrical connecting-rod curves of equilateral mechanisms.

从鲍尔点的形成原理出发，分析对称连杆曲线上鲍尔点的产生条件，提出等边机构的对称连杆曲线上有单鲍尔点和双鲍尔点。

The factory affiliated to the Group primarily manufactures multiple-purpose pincers, baking kits, knives, scissors, kitchenware, gardening tools and beauty care kits as well as other hardware tools, the annual production value of which reaches US$ 30 million dollars.

集团所属工厂主要生产多用钳、烤具、刀具、剪刀、厨具、花园工具、美容套等五金产品，年生产总值3000万美元，产品价廉物美、选料上乘、质量保证，深受国内外客户的青睐