晶石

Since chemical composition and other characteristics are similar, it is quite diffictl to identify spinel from ruby and sapphires with unaided eye, which is the main reason that both gemstones have been confused long time.

尖晶石的呈色机理与红蓝宝石大体相同，化学成分和其他性质也很相似，靠肉眼来识别是不可能的，因此几世纪以来，二者一直混淆不清。不过，没有像黄色蓝宝石那样颜色的黄色尖晶石，因为使黄色蓝宝石至色的铁离子使尖晶石呈浅蓝或蓝绿色。

The ancient world couldn't tell ruby and spinel apart, but spinel's role as an unknown understudy keeps its price relatively low today even though a one-carat red spinel is more rare than a one-carat ruby.

古代世界说不出红宝石、尖晶石遥远，但尖晶石作为未知understudy守信今天虽然价格较低一克拉是红色尖晶石更为难得一比一克拉红宝石。

From all possible members of the spinel groups, hercynite and galaxite, were found to be the most efficient.

在所有可能的尖晶石矿族成员中，铁铝尖晶石和锰铝尖晶石被发现是最有效的。

Some basic theories and principles of spinel formation and the basic technology and process of industrial production of spinel minerals are described.

笔者根据尖晶石的矿物学特性，对尖晶石的生成以及工业生产的基本原理、基本工艺和基本过程操作一系统的概述，并对尖晶石原料

There are two kinds of spinels in a granulite terrain of Yushujgou, South Tianshan Mountain. One occurs in the intermediate and basic granulite units and is characterized by enriched Al and poor Cr, belonging to Al_spinel. In thin sections it shows dark green color and subhedral to anhedral form, and coexists with other metamorphic minerals, suggesting a neogenic metamorphic mineral of granulite facies. The other occurs in the adjacent ultramafic rock unit, belonging to Cr_spinel. In thin sections, it is dark brown in color and is scattered among olivine, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene as irregular grains, indicating a stable residual mineral in the process of granulite facies metamorphism.

新疆榆树沟麻粒岩地体中发育两类尖晶石：一类见于中、基性麻粒岩体中，其化学成分富 Al贫 Cr ，属铝尖晶石，镜下为深绿色，呈半自形至他形粒状，与其它变质矿物共生，表现为麻粒岩相的新生变质矿物；另一类发育在空间上与麻粒岩体紧密相邻的超镁铁质岩体中，为铬尖晶石，镜下为深褐红色，呈不规则粒状分布于橄榄石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石之间，为麻粒岩相变质过程中稳定的残余矿物。

The deep origin of Kangjinla podiform chromitite is suggested by: that for the Kangjinla chromitite and the mantle peridotite rocks, the compositions of the chrome spinel, olivine and clinopyroxene are rather different, which indicates that the chrome spinel in the chromitite is neither the simple concentration of that in the host rocks nor with certain genic relation with mantle peridotite. Though the chromitite might be exotic for host rocks, both of them were carried from deep mantle to the shallow place by mantle plum.

康金拉铬铁矿石与矿体围岩地幔橄榄岩的铬尖晶石、橄榄石和单斜辉石等成分方面明显不同，认为矿石铬尖晶石并非是由副矿物铬尖晶石富集而成，与地幔橄榄岩也不存在成因联系，认为豆荚状铬铁矿床对于近矿围岩地幔橄榄岩而言为外来体，但两者可能均是由地幔深部被地幔柱带到上部。

The 43-57km lithospheric mantle could be consist of a suite of cumulates with crystalloblastic texture, cumulate texture and relic magmatic crystalline textures, such as orthopyroxenite, websterite, clinopyroxenite and olivine-pyroxenite. The lithospheric mantle of 43km to Moho discontinuity could be spinel harzbergite and minor spinel lherzolite, in which the spinel harzbergite and minor spinel lherzolite xenoliths are discoveried. The Moho in the region could be an transitional zone composed of cumulates in petrology.

它既包括了具变晶结构的斜方辉石岩、二辉石岩，又包括了具有残留岩浆结晶结构与堆积结构的橄辉岩和辉石岩；向上至莫霍面，应为尖晶石方辉橄榄岩，并有少量尖晶石二辉橄榄岩，本区发现的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩(T7-21)和尖晶石方辉橄榄岩(T35、T58)可能来自该层；本区莫霍面在岩石学上可能为一个由堆积岩组成的过渡带(3～5km)。

The complete borosilicate assemblage grandidierite-prismatine-tourmaline is determined and their formation setting are investigated. A review on the nomination confusion of kornerupine minerals has been made and a new name, boro-prismatine, is recommended for the case occurrence of the mineral at Antarctica according to the composition and structure data.

确定了完整的硅硼镁铝矿-硼柱晶石-电气石硼硅酸盐矿物组合（Gdd-Prs-Trn），探讨了其产出环境；对柱晶石类矿物在国内、外命名的混乱现象进行了介绍，结合矿物成分和结构特征，南极产出的该类矿物建议称硼柱晶石。

The feldspars of topaz-lepidolite granite in Yashan late stage are P-rich albite and Kfeldspar, and the phosphorus goes into feldspar structure in the form of PAlSi〓 substitution. The phosphorus contents of feldspars vary according to their crystal habitus. In general, the feldspars of later generation have the higher average phosphorus content than that of earlier generation, and the albite contains higher phosphorus than the K-feldspar in the same generation. The zircon is highly rich in Hf, U, P and Al. The phosphorus enters the zircon structure mainly by the form of〓P〓〓Si〓, Al〓P〓Si〓 or P〓Al〓Si〓, Zr〓 substitution. The P-rich zircon is the production of the highly evolved magma, and it might be one of the important characteristic minerals of the high-P subtype granite. The manganocolumbite, manganotantalite, wodginite and titanowodginite are the main niobium and tantalum minerals.

雅山晚阶段黄玉锂云母花岗岩的长石矿物是富磷长石，磷以PAlSi〓替换方式进入长石结构中，并且在长石中的分布很不均一，一般是晚结晶的长石比早结晶的长石的磷含量高，同期结晶的钠长石比钾长石的磷含量高；锆石矿物为高度富铪、铀、磷和铝的锆石，磷主要以(Y， HREE， Fe)〓P〓〓〓Si〓〓、Al〓P〓Si〓〓、P〓Al〓Si〓〓Zr〓〓等替换方式进入锆石晶格中，富磷锆石是岩浆高度演化的结果，是高磷花岗岩的特征矿物之一；雅山含有丰富的磷锂铝石，是高磷花岗岩的主要磷酸盐矿物；铌—钽矿物主要有铌锰矿—钽锰矿、锡锰钽矿—钛锰钽矿、细晶石等。

Magnesia alumina spinel brick is based on high-purity magnesia and synthetic magnesia alumina spinel with major crystal phase of periclase and spinel. By intensively mixed, double-face pressed and fired at high temperature. Being completely chrome free, it is the ideal refractory for the transitional zone of cement kiln characterized by superior thermal shock resistance, good anti-erosion capacity, and lower thermal conductivity.

此次展会为您展出的水泥回转窑用镁铝尖晶石砖以高纯镁砂和合成镁铝尖晶石砂为主要原料，主晶相为方镁石和尖晶石，经过强力混练，双面加压，高温烧成等工艺制成，是水泥窑过渡带的标准耐火材料，具有无铬污染，热震稳定性好，耐磨损，抗侵蚀性强，热导率低等特点。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。