晶格结构

X-ray diffraction is one of the most common and efficient ways to measure a superlattice structure. This dissertation displays the detail results for characterization of Ge〓Si〓/Si superlattices by x-ray diffraction (including x-ray small angle diffraction and double crystal diffraction). It was found, when the growth temperature is lower, the intensities of xray small angle diffraction peaks are modulated by a periodical function, which indicates that both sets of interfaces of the superlattice is highly flat; when the growth temperature is higher, the diffraction peak intensities are simply decay with the increase of diffraction vector, which indicates that one set of interfaces is highly flat but another is not; when the growth temperature is very high, the diffraction peaks are reduced more rapidly, which indicates that both sets of interfaces are not ideal.

本文详细介绍了用X-射线衍射（包括X-射线小角衍射和双晶衍射）方法对Ge〓Si〓/Si超晶格结构特性测试的结果，尤其是发现，当Ge〓Si〓/Si超晶格的生长温度较低时，X-射线小角衍射谱峰的强度随着衍射波矢的增加而周期性调制，表明超晶格的两套界面都十分平整；当生长温度较高时，Ge〓Si〓Si超晶格的X-射线小角衍射谱峰的强度随着衍射波矢呈简单的衰减变化，对应于超晶格内有一套界面不平整的情况；当生长温度进一步提高时，X-射线小角衍射峰明显减少，表明超晶格内两套界面都不理想。

And the lattice distance expands anomalously with decreasing particle size. Using the model of long-range interaction and its cooperative phenomena altered by particle size, the size-induced cubic-tetragonal phase transition, the anomalous lattice expansion, and the change in chemical bonding characters have been well understood.

采用长程相互作用的晶粒尺寸效应模型，对钛酸钡纳米晶结构相变、晶格间距异常增加、价键性质变化等实验现象给出了合理的统一的解释；并把该模型扩展到解释与钛酸钡晶体具有不同共价性成分的氮化镓等纳米体系的相变以及晶格结构变化现象。

In this paper,calcium sulfate whiskers were calcine d at different temperature and tested by XRD.

不同温度下煅烧硫酸钙晶须，并用XRD测定煅烧产物的结构，发现其晶型和晶格结构均有变化，600℃左右煅烧的硫酸钙晶须晶格结构最为致密。

Lattice dynamics simulation of ice Hi and clathrate hydrates has been carried out to study the corresponding structural and dynamic properties. Comparisons in PDOS of them were performed and it was found that the spectra resembled each other in both translational and librational regions, which seems to contradict the substantially different lattice structures.

论文用晶格动力学的方法模拟了六角冰和笼型水合物的结构和动力学性质，通过比较其声子振动谱密度得出两者的振动谱在平动区和摆动区都有很强的相似性，这与两者差异巨大的晶格结构很不相称。

The value of specific capacitance was 56.4 F/g and the ESR value of the supercapacitor was 12.5 .f On the back surface of co substrate of carbon micro coils, Ni particles exhibited face centered cubic phase and hexagonal close packed phase. Only hcp Ni was found in the vicinity of the gas inlet, and Ni monolith shaped as flat hexagonal plates. Far from the gas inlet, Ni grains aggregated into flat plates without total fusion.

电容器等效串联电阻为12.5.6、碳微线圈碳基底背面有密堆六方和面心立方两种晶格结构的Ni共存；进气口附近，Ni为密堆六方晶格结构，颗粒为近似六边形的扁平晶体；离进气口较远处，催化剂小颗粒聚集成饼状的结构，相互之间没有完全熔合在一起。

The analysis gets the result: the two methods both make out the heteromorphism InSb nanocrystals, which have different crystal lattices. There are few In and Sb elementary substance grains mixed in the samples and the ratio of two kinds of chemical elements nears to 1:1. The crystal structure of the particle which is gained in vacuum evaporation method is affected by the crystal structure of substrate surface and anneal, the size of grain is direct proportion to evaporation time.

分析得到结果表明：两种方法均制备出了多晶态的InSb纳米微粒，但晶格结构不同，样品中都混有少量的In和Sb单质颗粒，且两种元素的比均接近1：1；真空蒸镀法得到的微粒的晶态受基片表面晶格和退火的影响，颗粒的尺寸与蒸镀时间成正比；而惰性气体中蒸发法得到的微粒结晶过程与基片无关，颗粒的尺寸与惰性气体的种类和压强有关。

A modularized program of plane wave methodis designed to calculate two-dimensional photonic band structures.

并编制了计算二维光子晶体光子带结构的平面波法的模块化计算机程序；研究了方形、三角形复式晶格的光子带结构，发现了三类存在绝对光子带隙的电介质圆柱在空气中排列的光子晶体晶格结构。

The similarities in crystal structures and lattice constants between theLaNiO3 and BST films offer the benefits of better lattice matching and structural compatibilities,and the potential for improved dielectric and leakage current properties.

研究表明LaNiO_3和BST薄膜在晶格结构和晶格常数上的相似性给BST薄膜和底电极提供了更好的晶格匹配，从而改善BST薄膜的性质。

It was found that the oxidation extent of TiN film enhanced with the heat treatment temperature increased. The concentration of N decreased but the concentration of O increased when the temperature increase. O atoms entered the TiN crystal lattice and fcc TiN_xO_y structure with smaller lattice constant appeared.

研究结果表明，随着热处理温度的升高，TiN薄膜的氧化程度逐渐增大，热处理后生成的薄膜中N的含量逐渐减少，O的含量逐渐升高。O掺入到TiN的晶格结构中，生成晶格常数较小的TiO_xN_y面心立方结构。

In this paper, calcium sulfate whiskers were calcined at different temperature and tested by XRD.

不同温度下煅烧硫酸钙晶须，并用XRD测定煅烧产物的结构，发现其晶型和晶格结构均有变化，600℃左右煅烧的硫酸钙晶须晶格结构最为致密。

Fancy gold-plated dangling earrings with facetted White Opal crystals.

花式镀金悬垂耳环与facetted白欧泊水晶。

This essay chooses the study aim from biology teachers in middle school in Shi Jiazhuang which tells us that most of the middle school biology teachers in Shi Jiazhuang have the"burnout", lower successfulness, individualize.

本文选取石家庄市初中生物教师作为研究对象，运用问卷调查的方法对石家庄市初中生物教师职业倦怠的现状进行调查，调查结果发现，石家庄市初中生物教师这一群体普遍存在职业倦怠，情感枯竭程度偏高，成就感偏低，去个性化程度最为严重。