晶格

X-ray diffraction is one of the most common and efficient ways to measure a superlattice structure. This dissertation displays the detail results for characterization of Ge〓Si〓/Si superlattices by x-ray diffraction (including x-ray small angle diffraction and double crystal diffraction). It was found, when the growth temperature is lower, the intensities of xray small angle diffraction peaks are modulated by a periodical function, which indicates that both sets of interfaces of the superlattice is highly flat; when the growth temperature is higher, the diffraction peak intensities are simply decay with the increase of diffraction vector, which indicates that one set of interfaces is highly flat but another is not; when the growth temperature is very high, the diffraction peaks are reduced more rapidly, which indicates that both sets of interfaces are not ideal.

本文详细介绍了用X-射线衍射（包括X-射线小角衍射和双晶衍射）方法对Ge〓Si〓/Si超晶格结构特性测试的结果，尤其是发现，当Ge〓Si〓/Si超晶格的生长温度较低时，X-射线小角衍射谱峰的强度随着衍射波矢的增加而周期性调制，表明超晶格的两套界面都十分平整；当生长温度较高时，Ge〓Si〓Si超晶格的X-射线小角衍射谱峰的强度随着衍射波矢呈简单的衰减变化，对应于超晶格内有一套界面不平整的情况；当生长温度进一步提高时，X-射线小角衍射峰明显减少，表明超晶格内两套界面都不理想。

The measurements display that there occurs three dimensional anomalous expansion in two deferent phases at temperature corresponding to lattice softness.

另外，我们进行了Bi系高温相和Bi系低温相的晶格参数随温度变化行为的比较研究，发现了在对应于出现晶格软化效应的温区上出现了晶格的三维反常膨胀。

We have discussed the changes of spin density and atomic charge on B-site as the crystal parameters are individually expanded or compressed from 0.02% to 0.2%(and, from 0.5%~5.5%).

单晶格及双晶格的计算中，虽然随著晶格膨胀或压缩的维度的增加，Mn中的电子自旋密度和原子电荷的变化均趋缓，但整体而言电子自旋密度仍然受到晶格参数的高度影响。

The quaternary GalnAsSb can be used for the bolometer, IR radar, monitoring of the environment, trace gases and other interesting purpose for its special response wavelength. GalnAsSb infrared detectors are novel compound detectors with advantages of fast response, high sensitivity, high stability, low price, especially its character to work at room temperature.

当其晶格参数与InP衬底的晶格参数相匹配时，其覆盖波长基本不变(1.6～1.7μm)：但是匹配于InAs衬底时，覆盖波长从1.7μm变到3.4μm；而与GaSb衬底晶格匹配时AlGaAsSb、GaInAsSb四元系化合物材料可以覆盖从1.7μm至4.3μm的波段，所以GaInAsSb四元系化合物材料在红外成像、红外技术方面有重要的实用价值，同时在未来的超低损耗光纤通信中也具有潜在的应用。

In this paper,calcium sulfate whiskers were calcine d at different temperature and tested by XRD.

不同温度下煅烧硫酸钙晶须，并用XRD测定煅烧产物的结构，发现其晶型和晶格结构均有变化，600℃左右煅烧的硫酸钙晶须晶格结构最为致密。

The resulting materials were characterized by x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance and Photoluminescence. Those spectra reveal that by adding SiO2 to YAG:Ce precursor, the lattice constant decreases while vacancies are generate due to the co-dopant ions (Si4+) replaces in the place of Al3+ sites of YAG:Ce system. YAG:Ce phosphors with Y3+ dodecahedral site replaced by Ce3+ and diffused effectively as an activator, as a result the photoluminescence intensity increased about ~20-30%.

研究成果显示，掺杂SiO2之YAG：Ce萤光粉经过高温热处理后，由X光绕射、红外线吸收光谱仪以及核磁共振可以得知，当SiO2添加量增加时，YAG：Ce晶格常数会因为Si4+取代Al3+的四面体晶格位置而变小，同时产生将YAG：Ce之铝离子空位缺陷，使活化中心更有效地在YAG：Ce主体中扩散取代Y3+的十二面体晶格位置，提高其发光性质约20~35%。

The crystal structure of pure Pd is of face centered cubic and it is a hydrogen absorbing metal.

钯是一种面心立方结构的吸氢金属，氢原子溶解在晶格中，占据八面体间隙位，形成fcc的子晶格，吸氢时晶格发生等方性膨胀；氢在钯中的扩散路径为O T O跃迁，存在反同位素效应；钯氢化物的氢同位素分离因子较大，并受到温度、氢浓度等因数的影响；钯氢体系的p c等温线表现出良好的坪台性，Pd H和Pd D均存在临界点，尚未确定Pd T有无临界点；单晶钯氢反应动力学与不同的晶面有关；钯氚体系存在氚老化效应

Therefore, in order to trace the origin of contribution of the various Co sites to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the Co-sublattice, a special attention is paid to the relationship between the evolution of anisotropy of the compounds and the preferred site occupation of non-magnetic atoms over the four available crystallographic sites in the Co sublattice.

因此，本文重点讨论了Co次晶格各向异性演化与非磁性替代原子浓度的关系，以探讨非磁性替代原子在Co次晶格四个不同晶位择优占位对Co次晶格各向异性的影响。

The authors have summarized relevant data studied by overseas scientists and suggested the definition of chalky texture formation as "Chalky texture formation refers to that magnesium calcite and aragonite are transformed into the framework of micrite and microspar of low-magnesium calcite via neomorphism, and result in and maintain intercrystalline pore and throat networks in it; enhanced chalky texture formation refers to that the micrite and microspar are successively subjected to dissolution and leaching, so that the secondary network of solution voids is formed".

综合各国学者的有关研究资料，建议将白垩状结构化定义为：&碳酸盐沉积物和碳酸盐岩中的镁方解石和文石在不同成岩阶段通过新生变形而转变成低镁方解石微晶和微亮晶格架，并在其中产生和保存晶间孔喉网络的作用；强化白垩状结构化是指微晶和微亮晶格架受到进一步溶蚀和淋滤，从而形成次生溶蚀孔隙网络的作用&。

In this paper, calcium sulfate whiskers were calcined at different temperature and tested by XRD.

不同温度下煅烧硫酸钙晶须，并用XRD测定煅烧产物的结构，发现其晶型和晶格结构均有变化，600℃左右煅烧的硫酸钙晶须晶格结构最为致密。

Fancy gold-plated dangling earrings with facetted White Opal crystals.

花式镀金悬垂耳环与facetted白欧泊水晶。

This essay chooses the study aim from biology teachers in middle school in Shi Jiazhuang which tells us that most of the middle school biology teachers in Shi Jiazhuang have the"burnout", lower successfulness, individualize.

本文选取石家庄市初中生物教师作为研究对象，运用问卷调查的方法对石家庄市初中生物教师职业倦怠的现状进行调查，调查结果发现，石家庄市初中生物教师这一群体普遍存在职业倦怠，情感枯竭程度偏高，成就感偏低，去个性化程度最为严重。