晶形

V-shape grooves exist in twinned crystal planes of fivefold twin. As for thermodynamics and kinetics, the grooves are helpful for diamond grains of fivefold twin to grow.

正二十面体和正十面体颗粒都是"五重孪晶"结构，在颗粒表面上与五重孪晶面对应的区域形成V-形槽，这种V-形槽对五重孪晶金刚石颗粒的长大有热力学和动力学的有利作用。

Under the high frequency vibrating action, the crystal grain formed on the surface of the crystal nucleus eradiation equipment would be broken and peeled off, thereby ejected to zinc molten pool continuously and served as crystal nucleus source of equiaxed grain during solidification.

结果表明，当一种带有冷却结构且进行高频振动的晶核发射器插入锌液内时，锌液在晶核发射器表面迅速形核且长大，在高频振动作用下表面形成的晶粒将被折断剥离，从而连续不断地弹射到锌液中，成为凝固过程中形成大量等轴晶的晶核来源；采用带有水冷和气冷结构的晶核发射器对锌液进行振动激发形核处理后，锌凝固组织中的等轴晶率可分别提高到65%和80%。

The sloping plate can provide sufficiently the under-cooling for nucleation and lay a foundation for heterogeneous nucleation to form lots of nuclei of crystal internally and on the sloping plate surface, thus causing the melt to nucleates eruptively. Under the action of both metal flow and vibration, the nuclei formed on the sloping plate surface can move freely and disperse into the melt, and they are able to maintain the direct growth in spherical shape in the homogeneous composition and temperature fields.

倾斜板为形核提供足够大的过冷度和异质形核基础，大量晶核在斜板表面和内部形成，使熔体爆发形核，在流动和振动作用下斜板表面形成的晶核游离，弥散到熔体内部，晶核在均匀的成分场与温度场条件下，可以保持直接球状生长。

The results point out that the values of kinetic parameters are altered with the addition of Ti and C, which change the crystallization type from difficult nucleation and easy growth pattern to easy nucleation and difficult growth pattern, and this difficult nucleation and easy growth pattern may be the main reason why fine and even microstructure is gained in Ti and C doped alloys.The influences of Nd content, B content, partial substitution of Nd by Pr on the microstructure and magnetic properties have also been researched.

文章从动力学理论的观点揭示了合金显微结构与合金晶化动力学特性之间的关系，指出Ti和C添加改变了Nd9.4Fe79.6B11合金晶相析出时的动力学参量值，使合金晶化时晶相的析出方式由难形核易长大型加热管转变为易形核难长大型，这种易形核而难长大的晶化动力学特征，是Ti和C添加合金获得细小均匀的纳米晶结构的根本原因。

Based on the observation of atomic force microscopy, the etching morphology of faces and sections with different crystallographic significance on α-quartz has been studied. The etching morphology on the natural crystal faces hexagonal prism faces (1010 and 01(average10, rhombohedron positive form face 10(average11, rhombohedron negative form face 01(average11 and the sections between any of the two crystal faces has been observed. It is shown that the etching pit on the same simple form has the same shape, while the orientation of the etching pits can be different. Different simple forms have different shapes of etching pits and the shapes of etching pits on positive form and negative form of the same simple form are also different.

通过对α-石英自然晶面六方柱面10(平均值10和01(平均值10、菱面体正形面10(平均值11与菱面体负形面01(平均值11、以及介于上述自然晶面之间的切面进行腐蚀形貌的观察研究发现，石英晶体同种单形的晶面腐蚀坑形态相同，但方位可以有变化，不同单形的晶面腐蚀坑形态不同；同一单形的正形与负形腐蚀坑形状不同；蚀坑形态能够反映晶体的对称性。

On the rhombohedron face {1011}, Dauphine twinning showed different shapes of etching pits between individuals, because rhombohedron positive form {1011} and negative form {0111} appeared on both sides of twin partition line, while Brazil twinning showed symmetry plane between the irregular triangle etching pits of individuals. On the trigonal prism section 11(average20, Dauphine twinning showed different shapes of etching pits between individuals, because trigonal prism positive form {1120} and negative form {2110} appeared on both sides of twin partition line, while Brazil twinning should show symmetry plane between the ellipse or quadrilateral etching pits of individuals, which was not observed.

菱面体{1010}面上存在道芬双晶处，道芬双晶双晶缝合线两端分别是菱面体正形、菱面体负形出露处，导致蚀坑形状不同；菱面体{1011}面上存在巴西双晶处，不规则三角形蚀坑形态的方位关系为对称面关系；三方柱切面{1120}面上存在道芬双晶处，道芬双晶双晶缝合线两端分别是三方柱正形、三方柱负形出露处，导致蚀坑形状不同；三方柱切面{1120}面上存在巴西双晶处，椭圆形或四边形蚀坑方位应为对称面关系，但实验中未见到。

Many nanotwins were formed in this triangular region. HREM observations showed that nanotwinning dislocations were nucleated at noncoherent twin boundaries with the local stress concentration, and the nucleation is related to the dislocation dissociations at the boundary ledges. The proceeding of these nanotwins is the homogenous shears of 1/6 [11〓] twinning dislocations, which is that the trailing 1/6 [112] twinning dislocations repel the leading twinning dislocations to proceed in the (111) planes. Therefore, twinning dislocations at the twin tip appear to be on one side of twin, forming a noncoherent twin boundary with a semilenticular shape.

在此三角区域内发现许多纳米孪晶的存在，通过高分辨电镜手段观察到纳米孪晶中的孪生位错是在具有原位应力集中的非共格入射孪晶界上形核的，纳米孪晶的形核与界面的台阶位错及其位错分解反应有关，纳米孪晶的行进是1/6[11〓]孪生位错均匀切变机制，即每一个（111）孪生面上对应一个孪生位错，其中拖尾的1/6[11〓]孪生位错将会推动领先的孪生位错行进，于是在形变孪晶头部位置的孪生位错排列常常出现在形变孪晶的一侧界面，形成一个半透镜状的非共格孪晶界。

SiC polytypes of 6H and 15R and a transition zone between the two were observed under HREM and TEM and discussed from the point view of the crystal structures; the clear evidence of Al〓C〓 nucleated in the SiC particle was provided, indicating the aluminum penetrating the SiC grains is already carbon-saturated and, consequently, Al〓C〓 crystals grow in the particles wherever a temporary local supersaturating is produced; The experimental observation indicated that the types of the interface between SiC and Al are variable and the distribution feature of reaction product, Al〓C〓, were also given in the present work: to be nucleated on SiC, to be aggregated at SiC/Al interface zone or to be aggregated at the crystal boundaries.

通过高分辨透射电镜，本文观察到SiC增强体中6H和15R同质多晶现象及6H-15R SiC转变区，以及另外一种无序的SiC同质多晶，并从其晶体结构的角度解释了6H和15R在晶体内共存的现象。通过高分辨透射电镜，本文给出了Al〓C〓在SiC颗粒内部形核的明证，表明Al〓C〓形核是Al渗透到SiC颗粒内部在C过饱和处在SiC的（0006）面上而形核，而且一种可能的位相关系为A1〓C〓[11〓0]∥SiC[11〓0]。研究结果同时给出了SiC/Al复合材料的界面反应产物A1〓C〓的分布特征：在SiC上形核并生长，聚集于SiC/Al界面去附近，或者聚集于晶界上。

The results show that the composite compound observed is mainly composed of TiC, CaS and CeS; the nucleation sequence of the phases during the solidification of the alloy is CeS→TiC→austenite; the (100) crystal plane of CeS and the (001) plane of TiC, and (100) plane of TiC and (001) plane of austenite match perfectly; CeS can act as the heterogeneous nucleating center of TiC, and TiC can act as the nucleating center of austenite.

结果表明：试样中的复合化合物主要由CaS，CeS和TiC组成；合金凝固时的形核顺序为CeS→TiC→奥氏体；CeS及CaS的(100)晶面与TiC的(001)晶面、TiC的(100)晶面与奥氏体的(001)晶面匹配良好；CeS凝固时可作为TiC的异质形核核心，而TiC又可作为奥氏体的形核核心。

The largest yellow scalenohedra crystals up to 40mm in size come from Broken Hill , Australia .

完整晶形的晶体很少见，在南非和纳米比亚有菱面体和犬牙状晶体产出。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。