晶内的

The thermal residual stress is a type of short-rang internal stress between matrix and whisker in composite. It was verified that the thermal residual stress could not be released and could not cause the macro-strain, although the diffraction angle of matrix was shifted in composite.

复合材料中热残余应力是基体与晶须之间的短程内应力，试验证实热残余应力虽可引起基体衍射峰位移动，但不会造成复合材料宏观应变而自然释放。

Its bonding characterization and stability are discussed. The results show that these complexes are covalence complexes and that both the in-plane σ-bond and the in-plane π-bond in these complexes play an important role. The ESR spectra of VO -Ser system, VO -Ser-Phen system and VO -Ser-Bipy system in binary solvent glycol/water (V/V=1: 1) solution at various acidities (pH=1～14) have been observed at low temperature. It is found that in different pH ranges different structural complexes are formed.

测定了五种氨基酸席夫碱铜配合物的室温多晶粉末ESR谱、在不同溶剂中的室温及低温溶液ESR谱，确定配合物的配位环境；对室温溶液谱中观察到的二级效应和驰豫效应给予了理论解释、计算了驰豫参数；根据低温ESR波谱，计算了配合物的成键特性及稳定性，发现此类配合物为共价型配合物，平面内σ配键和平面内π配键均起重要作用。

The experimental results show that the unit-cell parameter β is continuously increasing with increasing pressure, suggesting the decrease of structural symmetry of staurolite. An unknown phase transition in staurolite structure was also observed in the pressure range of 1.5~2.7 GPa.

实验表明，在实验压力范围内，随着压力的增加晶胞参数β值逐渐增大，表明了十字石的结构对称性随压力增加而有所降低；同时，在1.5~2.7GPa压力范围内，十字石的晶体结构也发生了改变。

In the first part, it was investigated the interaction between Pb2+ and La4Ti9O24 ceramic bulk. The result shows that a significant Pb2+ diffusion into La4Ti9O24 ceramic bulk and a significant crystallization of the La2/3TiO3-type phase is clearly observed in the Pb2+ diffusion layer. The reacted zone consists of the La2/3TiO3-type phase exhibits the linear dependence of the square of the thickness, x, on the heat-treated time, t, in excellent agreement with the parabolic law x2 = kt, where k is the growth rate coefficient. The kinetic study thus indicates that the Pb2+/La4Ti9O24 interaction strictly obeys the theory of the reactive diffusion. Furthermore, the experimental k values were used to determine the associated activation energy, Ea, for the formation of La2/3TiO3-type phase using the Arrhenius plot and the following least-square equation, ln =-Ea/RT + A, where T is the annealing temperature, R is the universal gas constant, and A is a constant, resulting in Ea ~ 607 ?b 60 kJ/mol.

首先， 以巨观的方式观察PbO与La4Ti9O24陶瓷体介面的反应现象；利用X-ray绕射分析以及扫描式电子显微镜来观察不同的热处理温度以及不同的持温时间所制作的样品，研究结果发现， Pb2+离子会渗入到La4Ti9O24陶瓷内，同时在Pb2+离子所渗入的区域内会产生新的La2/3TiO3-type钙钛矿斜方晶相；藉由量测不同温度与时间之样品，其因Pb2+离子渗入而产生之La2/3TiO3-type相层厚度之关系，符合反应式扩散机制中 x2 = kt 之关系式(其中 x：扩散层厚度； k：反应速率常数； t：反应时间)；进一步将不同实验条件所得到之反应速率常数值代入Arrhenius方程式ln (k =-Ea/RT + A ，其中Ea：活化能； T：绝对温度； R：气体反应常数； A：常数，可以求得Pb2+离子与La4Ti9O24陶瓷发生反应式扩散所需之活化能为607 ± 60 kJ/mol。

The Xray diffraction analysis of the compounds (3) and (4) shows the presence of an intramolecular coordination of oxygen to the tin atom giving rise to a fivemembered ring in which the metal exhibits a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry.

并通过X-射线衍射测定了（3）和（4）的晶体结构，其空间群均为P2〓/c，晶胞内分子数Z=4，分子结构是以锡原子为中心金属原子、含分子内O→Sn配位键五员环的扭曲三角双锥结构，碳碳双键的两个氢是顺式构型。

This invention exposed the method of producing high performance cannular sapphire. It uses once-fashioning wetting EFG technology. It draws the cannular sapphire with required inner diameter and outer diameter and length from melt. Firstly, the size and specification of cannular sapphire need to be determined, then according to it to produce the matching cannular die. Then selecting sapphire particleboard from flame fusion method as raw material, and secelting the good seeding grew in (0001) direction by Czochralski method to grow cannular sapphire. The transverse temperature difference is within 2DEG C, the lognitudinal temperature grads within 10mm of die end face is 3-4DEG C, the growth speed is 30-40mm/h.

本发明公开了一种生长高性能管状蓝宝石的方法，采用一次成型的润湿导模法技术，直接从熔体中拉制所需内、外径尺寸和长度的管状蓝宝石，其特征是，首先确定管状蓝宝石的规格尺寸，根据上述规格尺寸制作相匹配的长管模具，然后，选用高纯度焰熔法蓝宝石碎料作为原料，选用提拉法生长的(0001)方向的优质籽晶，进行管状蓝宝石的生长，横向温差在2℃以内，纵向温度梯度在距模具端面10mm内为3-4℃，生长速率为30-40mm/h。

The reservoir rock types in the region of interest are grain limestone, algal limestone, cryptite, siltstone, muddy limestone and mudstone. The thesis identified as a result of changes in the deposition causing the heterogeneity in plane, and then the geological oil reserves have been calculated in accordance with the areal heterogeneity.3、Based on the data of core analysis, bore logging, array induction imaging log and FMI, porosity and permeability model were built using regression analysis. Through testing 45 rock samples, a, b, m, n value were obtained and used to calculate single-layer oil saturation value using the Archie formula. According to the theory of laterolog and inductolog, resistivity ratio and cross plot were used to identification effective thickness. Effective thickness was identified delicately in 103 wells. Based on the over work, active porosity and oil saturation was calculated accurately.4、According to observation of 100 pieces of the thin slices, cast thin slices and 383m core in three wells, the chief diagenesis in this area were compaction, cementation, denudation and cataclasis. Cementation and denudation were universally influenced active porosity this area. The intergranular pores, residual pores and secondary pores were formed in thin carbonated reservoir of lacustrine facies.5、The influence of reservoir heterogeneity to reservoir calculation was analyzed systematically using actual data. And the conclusions were as follows:①The principal reason leading to oil distribution unequal is interior structural feature of reservoir in structural hydrocarbon reservoir.

确定了由于沉积微相的变化而导致的平面非均质性，进而在平面上按照平面非均质单元计算了石油地质储量。3、利用岩心分析、常规测井曲线与阵列感应、成像测井资料相结合，分岩性利用回归分析方法建立了储层孔隙度、渗透率模型；通过对45块岩样进行岩电试验，获取了a、b、m、n值，利用阿尔奇公式计算了各单层含油饱和度值；根据侧向电阻率和感应电阻率串并联特性，利用电阻率比值法与常规交会图法相结合重建了有效厚度图版，对全区103口井目的层段进行了有效厚度精细划分，通过以上工作，准确求取了储量计算单元内有效厚度参数、有效孔隙度参数以及含油饱和度参数。4、通过对研究区3口井383m岩心观察，100余块薄片、铸体薄片镜下鉴定得出：油泉子油田上、下油砂山组储层主要成岩作用是压实作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用和破裂作用，其中溶蚀作用、胶结作用最普遍，这两种作用对有效孔隙度影响最大，以上成岩作用形成了原生粒间孔、粒间残余孔和次生孔隙(如粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、铸模孔、晶间孔等)为主的薄层湖相碳酸盐岩储层。5、利用实际资料，系统分析了油藏非均质对储量计算的影响，认为：①对于构造油气藏而言，油气藏构造及断裂特征是造成油气分布不均的首要原因，储集条件相同的条件下，构造高部位有利于储存油气，油气在垂向的重力分异体现了油气藏内部构造的不均一特征。

Nanostructured ZnO films with grain size of 28～35 nm have been prepared on quartz glass substrates by pulse laser ablation of Zn target in oxygen atmosphere. The structural and optical properties of the films were studied. ZnO thin films with typical c-axis (002) orientation were successfully deposited at a range of 100～250 ℃. The results obtained by X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence measurements show that the strong UV emission centering is about 378～385 nm and deep-level emission centering about 518～558 nm in the room temperature PL spectra of the ZnO films.

利用脉冲激光沉积法在氧气氛中烧蚀锌靶制备了纳米晶氧化锌薄膜，衬底为石英玻璃，晶粒尺寸约为28～35 nm.X射线衍射结果和光致发光光谱的测量表明，当衬底温度在100～250 ℃范围内时，所获得的ZnO薄膜具有c轴的择优取向，所有样品的强紫外发射中心均在378～385 nm范围内，深能级发射中心约518～558 nm，衬底温度为200 ℃时，得到了单一的紫外光发射。

The analysis of polymer structure indicates that the non-crystalline phase is the majority of the agglomerate structure and the crystalline phase is the minority, the highest crystal value only reaches the level of 0.1646;There is a definite interactionadditives and PVA, which not only reduces the crystal value of ASPE to make amorphous areas enlarge but also improve the ability of segmental motion by destroying the well-regulated and orderly character of polymer chain, meanwhile restricts the mobility of potassium cation and enhances the anionic transference number of hydroxide ions, all these improve the ionic conductivity;The ionic conductivity occurs essentially within the amorphous phase of the ASPE;The structure of ASPE doesnt change in the range of our test temperature, this means, the temperature only takes effect on degradation of complex in certain compositions, ionic mobility and segmental motions of the polymer chain.

聚合物结构分析表明：碱性固体聚合物电解质中凝聚态结构以非晶态为主，仅有少量的晶态，结晶度最大为0.1646；添加的各组分与PVA之间都有一定的相互作用，这种作用不仅破坏了聚合物链段的规整性，能够降低聚合物的结晶度，增大无定形区域，提高链段运动的能力，同时这种作用限制K~+离子的运动，提高OH~-的迁移率，从而提高离子电导率；碱性聚合物电解质的离子传导主要发生在无定形区；在本实验测试离子电导率温度范围内，聚合物内部的结构不会发生变化，即温度只会影响电解质内部络合物解离程度和载流子迁移以及聚合物链段运动的情况。

The main research tasks and results are as follows:(1) Through comparing the stress intensity factor of compact tension specimen calculated by finite element software with the theoretical value, the feasibility of calculating fracture parameters of crack tip in ABAQUS software was verified.(2) The relationship between the elastic modulus of the material and research scale was studied based on deriving the cohesive stress theory and other relevant theories. And the elastic modulus of the material on meso-scale was determined.(3) Global model and sub-model of the finite element were built in th...e macro-scale, and stress-strain field nearby the crack tip was analyzed, and the results show that the detailed stress-strain in the crack tip could be obtained by using the sub-model technique.(4) In meso-scale, the crack growth model was also established by assuming the crack propagating along the grain boundary, and the detailed stress-strain field in the crack tip was obtained.(5) The effect of crack length on Von Mises stress, and maximum principal stress and strain was analyzed in meso-scale when equivalent KI equals 30MPa.m1/2. And the results show that except for crack tip area, the stress-strain distribution in whole specimen is not affected.

主要完成研究内容和取得成果如下：(1)利用有限元软件计算出紧凑拉伸试样的裂纹尖端应力强度因子KI值，其结果与理论值一致，从而验证了利用ABAQUS计算裂纹尖端相关断裂参量的可行性；(2)在研究内聚应力等相关理论的基础上，推导出了研究尺度与材料弹性模量的近似关系，并确定了介观尺度上的弹性模量；(3)在宏观尺度上建立了全局有限元计算模型和子模型，得到了裂纹尖端应力应变场分布，结果表明利用子模型技术获得比较准确的裂纹尖端应力应变场分布是可行的；(4)在介观尺度上利用平均晶粒尺度的方式建立了裂纹沿晶扩展模型，得到了裂纹尖端断裂过程区的微观应力应变场；(5)当应力强度因子为30MPa.m1/2时，分析了介观尺度上在裂纹沿晶扩展过程中裂纹长度对Mises应力、最大主应力和应变的影响，结果表明，裂纹扩展长度对试样整体应力应变分布影响不大，而对裂纹尖端区域有较大影响；(6)介。。。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了