晶

In region of columnar grain, preferred orientation growth is obvious. Obviously preferred orientation on 〈001〉 was confirmed by the antipole figure. Besides, the CSL grain boundary such as ∑3,∑5 and so on are observed. Among these kinds of boundaries, the ∑3 boundary has the highest frequency.

测试结果表明：CVDW生长组织具有三个生长区，分别是等轴晶区、混合生长晶区和柱状晶区；柱状晶区的晶粒具有显著的〈001〉择优生长；低∑CSL晶界占据较大比例，其中以∑3、∑5为主要结构，∑3的出现频率最大。

Sb can combine with Cu and P to form a low melting point compound which lowers the melting point of binary Cu-8P eutectic alloy by nearly 200℃. Bi and Cu can create compounds with low melting point(270℃) distributing at the boundaries and that is the reason why the melting point of (Cu-8P)-Bi is lower than that of binary Cu-8P eutectic alloy. The eutectic cluster can be refined with the addition of Fe, and that is the reason why the addition of Fe can decrease the melting point of Cu-8P alloy. Two means of decreasing the melting point of Cu-8P are found.

一定量的Sb与Cu， P形成低熔点相，从而大幅降低了Cu-8P合金的熔点，使其熔点降低近200℃；加入少量Bi后， Bi与Cu在共晶团晶界上形成熔点为270℃左右的低熔点化合物，且Bi的加入明显细化Cu-8P合金共晶团，从而使Cu-8P合金的熔点降低；加入Fe能明显细化Cu-8P合金的共晶团，使层片间距由8μm减为2μm以下，并使共晶团由层片状向短棒状转变，虽然Fe与Cu形成熔点为806℃的高温相，但Fe的细化作用使得Cu-8P合金的熔点降低，但降低幅度不大。

In this paper,calcium sulfate whiskers were calcine d at different temperature and tested by XRD.

不同温度下煅烧硫酸钙晶须，并用XRD测定煅烧产物的结构，发现其晶型和晶格结构均有变化，600℃左右煅烧的硫酸钙晶须晶格结构最为致密。

The results show that molecules of PEO〓 have priority to locate at the interface of PVF〓/PVC to reforce their interaction when content of PEOx was less than saturated concentration in the interface , and PEOx joined into the PVF〓 phase and /or the PVC phase; the particles size of dispersed phase, PVC, became larger when C was more than Cs; the blend became miscible when C was much more than Cs.

结果表明，aPS与sPS的非晶区相容，共混物中不存在aPS的独立相区；共混物的熔点及长周期不随共混物aPS含量的变化而有所改变；sPS的纤晶结构单元没有变化，共混物结晶度下降，aPS处于sPS的纤晶之间；sPS为α-晶型，其晶胞结构参数在共混前后不变，aPS没有进入到sPS的晶胞中。

After the addition of carbon, the microhardness in the grain boundary is about 150 MPa higher than that in the grain. The fracture type of pure Mo is intergranular fracture, the grain boundary strength of Mo-C alloy is strengthened due to the addition of carbon and the fracture type is changed to transgranular fracture, transcrystalline fracture and a large number of cleavage planes and steps are observed on the bending fracture surface. But if the carbon content is too high, the carbide precipitation will be severe at grain boundaries and is deleterioated to the ductility of the alloy.

添加碳后，合金的晶界显微硬度比合金的晶内显微硬度高150MPa左右；纯钼的断裂方式以沿晶断裂为主，添加碳后，由于合金的晶界强度得到提高，合金的断裂方式变成以穿晶断裂为主，断口上有大量的解理面，具有明显的河流状花样和解理台阶，且塑性越好的断口，撕裂岭也越多；当添加的碳含量偏高时，在晶界处产生了大颗粒的碳化物，这种大颗粒的碳化物会降低合金的塑性。

A study is presented concerning the three different structural levels of isotactic polypropylene.

本文应用光学显微镜，扫描和透射电子显微镜从三种不同层次的结构水平上研究了α和β两种晶型的全同立构聚丙烯的球晶和晶片形态结构，特别是应用四氧化钌染色技术直接观察到两种不同晶型聚丙烯球晶中单独分离的晶片形态。

Grain boundary slidings happen in this alloy at the creep temperature of 200 ℃ and the deformation of this alloy is coordinated by intragranular slip and grain boundary sliding.

结果表明：在125~200 ℃蠕变温度下，当蠕变寿命接近100 h时，2024铝合金的蠕变应力随着温度的升高明显下降；与125 ℃相比，150 ℃时合金的蠕变应力下降9.3%，在175 ℃时合金的蠕变应力下降30.3%；当蠕变温度为200 ℃时，该合金的蠕变应力下降幅度达到45.8%；在125~175 ℃下，合金在蠕变过程中的变形机制主要为位错在晶内的滑移；在200℃时，合金晶界开始发生滑移，合金变形由晶界滑移与位错在晶内的滑移协调完成；在合金蠕变断面上存在大量微孔，随着蠕变温度的升高，微孔的尺寸明显变大，当微孔尺寸超过3 μm时，微孔对合金的断裂机制有显著影响；在125和150 ℃下，合金的蠕变断口呈现韧窝型穿晶断裂特征；在175和200 ℃下，合金的蠕变断口呈现沿晶断裂特征。

For thinner films, stacking faults are preferred in the scratch process, which increase storage capacity of plastic deformation in the film, and further inhibit the stick slip amplitude in the friction oscillation process. For thicker films, dislocation loops, which glide along slip plane downward to the grain boundary, dominate over the stacking faults, and finally dissipate on the grain boundaries. Since the intergrain stacking faults are inactive in thicker films, the stick slip phenomenon is similar to that in single crystal.

摩擦过程中易在较薄的薄膜表面和薄膜晶界之间产生穿晶层错，穿晶层错的产生增加了薄膜蓄积塑性变形的能力，从而抑制材料表面摩擦力在黏滑过程中的振荡幅度；在比较厚的薄膜中不易生成穿晶层错，在摩擦过程中位错环依次向体材料发射，并与晶界反应，湮灭于晶界，黏滑动摩擦响应与单晶相似。

Refining grain behavior of the heat affected zone of E36 high strength low alloy steel was studied, when E36 steel was welded by three wires submerged arc welding with 110 kJ/cm large heat input .

大热输入焊接时，氧硫复合物诱导热影响区的晶内铁素体形核，并促进晶内铁素体的感生形核，晶内铁素体及其感生晶内铁素体使热影响区粗晶区的晶粒细化，确保焊接热影响区粗晶区的强度与韧性不降低。

The larger the atomic volume construction,the higher the stability of intermediate phase.There exist 4 eutectic systems with 9 eutectic reactions in Au-RE systems.A criterion exists between the reduced eutectic temperatureand the atomic radiiof RE metals:the Teu/TA values dedine linearly with the increase of rR Value and keep essentially a constant when rRE values are larger than 0.175nm (namely the atomic size differences between RE and Au are larger than 21%).

Au-RE系中存在4个共晶系9种共晶反应，简约共晶温度与RE原子尺寸之间存在一个判据：简约共晶温度随RE原子半径增大呈线性下降，但当RE原子半径达到约0.175nm(即与Au相对尺寸差21％)时，更大原子尺寸差不再影响液相线和共晶温度下降，简约共晶温度保持常数。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。