晶

Some basic theories and principles of spinel formation and the basic technology and process of industrial production of spinel minerals are described.

笔者根据尖晶石的矿物学特性，对尖晶石的生成以及工业生产的基本原理、基本工艺和基本过程操作一系统的概述，并对尖晶石原料

The results indicate that with increasing the strain at 280℃, the dendrite arms of AZ91D alloy get broken or stretched-out. With increasing the predeformation temperature under 20% strain, the deformation style of the dendritic structure of AZ91D alloy changes gradually from fragmentation to directional bending.

结果表明：形变温度为280℃时，随着形变率增加，部分枝晶臂逐渐伸长，枝晶破断现象加剧；形变率为20%时，随着形变温度的提高，组织的形变方式逐渐由以枝晶断裂为主转变为带有方向性的弯曲。

Deep buried dolostones in study areas mainly consist of fine or medium dolomites, which crystals are euhedral or subhedral.

认为研究区深埋藏白云岩主要由细晶或中晶白云石组成，白云石呈自形或半自形晶。

There are two kinds of spinels in a granulite terrain of Yushujgou, South Tianshan Mountain. One occurs in the intermediate and basic granulite units and is characterized by enriched Al and poor Cr, belonging to Al_spinel. In thin sections it shows dark green color and subhedral to anhedral form, and coexists with other metamorphic minerals, suggesting a neogenic metamorphic mineral of granulite facies. The other occurs in the adjacent ultramafic rock unit, belonging to Cr_spinel. In thin sections, it is dark brown in color and is scattered among olivine, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene as irregular grains, indicating a stable residual mineral in the process of granulite facies metamorphism.

新疆榆树沟麻粒岩地体中发育两类尖晶石：一类见于中、基性麻粒岩体中，其化学成分富 Al贫 Cr ，属铝尖晶石，镜下为深绿色，呈半自形至他形粒状，与其它变质矿物共生，表现为麻粒岩相的新生变质矿物；另一类发育在空间上与麻粒岩体紧密相邻的超镁铁质岩体中，为铬尖晶石，镜下为深褐红色，呈不规则粒状分布于橄榄石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石之间，为麻粒岩相变质过程中稳定的残余矿物。

The density of states and energy band structure of the monoclinic crystal in low temperature and the tetragonal crystal in high temperature have been studied.

研究了低温单斜晶型和高温四方晶型结构的VO2电子态密度和能带结构，通过分析发现，四方晶的金属性比较明显，这是由于电子态密度和能带结构分析结果表明不同特性产生的原因是V原子的3d电子贡献不同导致的。

The magnetic transition temperature decreases with grain size for the films and the Curies temperatures of the films is lower than the target with average grain size of 4 urn.

与平均晶粒尺寸为4μm的多晶块体样品相比，多晶薄膜的金属〓半导体转变温度均低于块体样品，并且多晶薄膜的磁化强度转温度的升高衰减的较快。

Applying the thermodynamic model, the temperature and the critical grain size of phase transformation can be predicted precisely for the nanocrystalline materials.

在应用界面膨胀模型和普适状态研究纳米晶界面热力学特性的基础上，发展了纳米晶整体材料热力学函数的计算模型，给出了以纳米晶界面上的原子分数作为权重的纳米晶体单相材料的焓、熵、自由能随界面过剩体积、温度以及晶粒尺寸发生变化的明确表达式。

The role of a-Si:H sublayers is to interrupt the continuous growth and limit the thickness of pc-Si:H sublayers. The a-Si:H sublayers are deposited by two methods, one is fabricated by low hydrogen dilution ratio R = 4, and the second is deposited by pulse-wave modulation plasma with turn-on time (TON = 25 ms) and plasma turn-off time (TOFF = 75 ms).

阻断层所用的非晶矽薄膜采用两种方式制作，第一种是利用低氢稀释比(R = 4)制作的非晶矽，第二种是利用脉波调变电浆开启时间及开关时间分别为25ms及75ms pulse(25ms/75ms所制作的非晶矽。

In this thesis, the heterojunction with intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin layer ( heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer: HIT) solar cells are investigated. The solar cell structure of p/i/n are fabricated. The substrate is a typical 4-inch n-type wafer with (100) crystal orientation, 1~10 ohm-cm and about 525 μm thickness. The p and i a-Si:H layers are deposited by a 13.56 MHz plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The i a-Si:H layers are especially deposited by pulse-wave modulation plasma technique with fixed plasma turn-off time toff = 10 ms and changed plasma turn-on time ton= 10 to 40 ms to selectively control the different silicon to hydrogen bonding configurations. The effect of various Si:H bonds on the performance of HIT solar cells are explored.

中文摘要本论文针对异质接面薄本质层(heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer： HIT)太阳电池进行研究，采用一般典型四英吋晶向为(100，厚度约为525 μm，电阻率约为 1~10 ohm-cmn型矽晶圆为基板，制作p/i/n太阳电池，p及i层薄膜以13.56 MHz电浆加强化学气相沈积，i层并采用脉波调变电浆技术，在固定电浆关闭时间toff = 10 ms及改变电浆开启时间由ton = 10 ms 至40 ms条件下制作具有不同矽氢键结微结构的氢化非晶矽薄膜以探讨不同矽氢键结对太阳电池性能的影响。

Two types of twin/bicrystal structures with twining planes as (0113) and (2112) have been identified.

我们确认了两种孪晶/双晶结构，它们的孪晶面分别是(0113)和(2112)面。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。