景观

The research of landscape space pattern is basic content of landscape ecology, and is inevitable procreant research field during theoretical investigation to practical application of landscape ecology.

景观生态学是一门新兴的交叉学科，景观生态空间格局作为景观生态学研究的基本内容，是景观生态学从理论研究深入到实际应用所必然产生的研究领域。

This thesis investigates the main landscape factors in residence and emphasized on planning landscape, investigating、 analyzing and summering their genenal level of virescence、 the variety of the plant、 the proportion between evergreen and broad-leaved trees、 the charaters of planting in different districts and on this basis, this thsis puts forward the basic principle, main guide line、 planning variety and design mode of plants and provides scientific foundation for the ecological development and construction of residence.

在此基础上，以作者工作所在地上海市为研究对象，选取绿化景观营造较为成功并具一定知名度的典型居住区，如高档居住区&海源别墅一期&、&西郊宾馆别墅四期&、&月湖山庄一期&，公寓居住区&上海知音&、&上海宏润花园&、&大华清水湾二期&等，对其主要的景观要素进行实地调研，并以植物景观为重点，对其总体绿化水平、应用的植物种类和配植手法、常绿和落叶树种的比例、分区种植特点进行调查、分析和总结，并据此提出了上海市不同居住区绿色景观环境建设的基本原则、主要指标、树种规划和植物配植模式，为居住区的生态化建设发展提供科学依据。

There is a obvious trend that vegetation landscape in Minqin Oasis is fragmentized by degrees, the diversity and heterogeneity of landscape is aroused, and the oasis is developing to unstable status induced by decline of medium and high cover vegetation and landscape fragmentation.

绿洲景观的破碎化趋势明显，景观的多样性逐步增强，异质性升高，绿洲正向不稳定的方向发展，中、高盖度植被的减少和景观的不断破碎化是绿洲景观不稳定的最重要因素。

In the view of the features of landscape pattern in the middle reaches of Hetian River, the landscape protection principles of development, harmonization and reality and ecological landscape construction principle including adapting nature, mutualism, adjusting ecosystem and meliorating function, local regulation and whole harmonization are put forward.

针对和田河中游地区景观生态的具体特点，提出了发展、协调、现实的景观保护原则以及适应自然、共生互利、调整结构，改善功能、局部控制与整体协调的景观生态建设原则，相应地制定出河流廊道建设、绿色植被建设以及绿洲建设的景观生态建设途径。

During the first part, investigate the numbers and location of the different nature reserve, and review about its development, discuss the cause about the rapid developmeng about the protection areas of nature around Beijing. During the second part, this paper use the Geographical Information System to analyze the different sight function, plot our distinct function about the protection area of nature around Beijing. In the third part of this paper, the ecology function was special analyzed. This paper picked up several factor about the ecology and establish mathematics model to detect the most rational ecology distribution, bring forward the new constructive, wilder constructive and combination project. In the last parts of the paper, this paper use the Geographical Information System to analyze the different brim about the protection area of nature around Beijing, calculating the p/a and figure coefficient, and bring forward the brim theory for the nature reserve and city system.

在数量布局方面，包括北京周边各个不同级别的保护区的数目、位置分配布局和发展趋势研究，探讨北京市周边自然保护区数目和面积在99年和2000年突然增长的主要原因，以及今后北京自然保护区的发展方向；在景观布局方面，主要根据不同自然保护区的空间和功能的不同，计算延庆县各个自然保护区的景观多样性指数和景观优势度指数，并结合地理信息系统和航片，划分出不同的景观功能区间，以及各个功能区间之间的相互关系；在生态布局方面，综合考察北京周边自然状况，提取多项因子，建立评价模型，计算出各项因子权重，从而对其自然保护区的生态功能布局的合理性进行评价和趋势分析，为本文提出北京市周边自然保护区新建、扩建与合并的方案提供依据；在边缘布局方面，利用边缘效应理论和研究方法，创新提出&边缘类型样块分析法&，提取多个样方并结合地理信息系统，计算p/a比和自然保护区边缘的形状系数，划出自然保护区边缘效应趋势变化图，考察北京周边自然保护区的边缘效应，以及对城市的生态边缘功能。

It base on correlative theory of environment landscape and expounds define and inscape of modern environment landscape design. From inscape and taste of environment landscape, discusses some characters of modern environment landscape design.

文章基于环境景观的相关理论，阐述了现代环境景观设计的定义和它的构成要素，从现代环境景观的构成和审美两个角度，探讨了现代环境景观设计的若干特征。

The paper investigates the interaction between variation of precipitation landscape patterns and runoff, and results show that: 1Precipitation in upper-middle main Jinghe watershed over 40 years descends little, and the isograms of inclination rate of precipitation are between -4.9mm/10a to -11.3mm/10a.

本文研究泾河流域降雨-景观-径流变化的相互作用，结果表明：①泾河流域中上游主流域40多年来的降水具有微弱下降趋势，降雨倾向率为-4.9mm/10～-11.3mm/10年；泾河流域马莲河分流域，年降雨量表现为不变或微弱下降；②泾河流域1986年～2000年15年之间，景观结构变化不大，一直以草地景观和耕地景观为主。

The results are as follows: 1 great changes have taken place in land use and landscape pattern from 1995 to 2000; the area of woodland, water and unused land has been reduced and that of grassland, cropland and construction land increased; 2 the advance of fractal dimensions, the diversity index and landscape fragmentation degree showed that landscape units became strongly fragmented; 3 the dominant degree of construction and unused land has changed little but that of meadow and water increased, and that of farmland and woodland decreased to some extent, which indicated that the trend of landscape pattern changed from cropland and woodland to meadow and water; 4 the changes of land use and landscape patterns near the road are obvious and it is urgent to strengthen eco_environment protection.

主要结果如下：①1995-2000年间，研究区土地利用变化显著，其中林地、水域和未利用土地面积下降，而草地、耕地和建设用地面积增加；②景观破碎化程度加剧，分维数、多样性指数和景观破碎度均增加；③建设用地和未利用土地优势度变化不大，耕地和林地的优势度减小，草地和水域优势度增加，表明研究区景观格局由耕地、林地向草地和水域转变；④交通干线附近的土地利用和景观格局变化显著，加强这些区域的生态环境保护与建设势在必行。

Starting from the development course and demand of landscape, construction of public open space for the citizens was discussed. Then urban public landscape design principles and integration were discussed from dotted-like and linear space perspective. It can be used for reference to create more civilian and ecological urban landscape.

从景观的发展历程到景观的发展需求；阐述了为市民创造公共开放空间；并选取点状空间和线性空间构成；详细介绍了城市开放空间的景观设计原则及其整合；对创建更具大众化和符合生态的城市景观设计具有一定的借鉴意义。

Combined with locally abundant tourism resources and landscape sequence, ecological-landscape construction of Pingshan-Shexian tourism highway was divided into six landscape feature-zones, which made every landscape feature-zone has its own characteristics.

结合当地丰富的旅游资源和景观序列，将平涉旅游公路生态景观的构建划分成6个景观特色带，使每个景观特色带具有各自的特点。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了