景观

Water, agriculture land, construct land, forest and grass land, beach and the other land. On the basis of classification of land use, the landscape map of different grains could be created. Then using Fragstats 3.3 software, the landscape indices were calculated from the class level and landscape level.

在此基础上，借助Fragstats 3.3软件，从类型水平和景观水平两方面分别选取8个景观指数指标，探讨不同粒度景观类型图条件下，景观指数随粒度变化的特征。

Landscape pattern analysis based on landscape metrics is a basic content of the research on landscape ecology. More and more researches proved that not only scale effects and the precision of remote sensed data had significant influence on landscape metrics, but also the difference of land use classification would make the change of landscape metrics. However, we still have not found out how land use classification affects landscape metrics and associated influence mechanism.

基于景观格局指数的空间格局分析是当前景观生态学研究的重要基础内容，不仅数据源准确度、尺度效应显著影响景观格局指数，土地利用类型划分也对景观格局指数具有显著影响，但我们对这种影响的总体理解尚很缺乏。

Based on the analysis of landscape definitions, the principles of landscape classification were expounded in this article. The authors pointed out that different landscape have different characteristics and research contents, and the values of landscape's uniqueness, diversity, function, coziness and aesthetics were discussed.

在分析景观定义的基础上，概述了景观分类的生态学原则，提出了自然、经营和人工等不同景观类型的特性和研究重点，并对景观的独特性、多样性、功效性、宜人性及美学价值的评价进行了探讨。

Finally, this study makes suggestions to landscape researchers, hoping they can have more studies being promoted to the practitioners for improving the planning and design works. Also, the practitioners should make suggestions to the researchers and learn how to use the study results to make their works more accountability and defensibility in landscape planning and design process.

本研究期望景观相关领域研究者积极进行研究，并将研究成果发表推广，以有助於景观实务者之规划设计工作；而景观实务工作者亦能不断参与研究之发展、提供研究人员研究议题与方向，使台湾景观专业领域之品质更有创造性的提升。

The main results include:(1) Ecological economy and landscape ecology are merged and applied in sustainable development evaluation of Beijing mountainous region. The landscape measure of regional sustainable development is to build a model landscape with reasonable structure, efficient function and harmonic relationship of ecological system.

主要取得的研究结果：(1)提出了生态经济理论与景观生态理论相结合进行北京山区可持续发展评价，区域可持续发展的景观途径就是将人类活动对于景观演化的影响导入良性循环，建立一种由结构合理、功能高效、关系协调的生态系统组成的模式景观，以实现区域可持续发展。

Renowned landscape design company Hassel introduced European popular linear landscape design ideas to the small town planning, landscape belt extends to all corners of the small town, there is also a small 6000 square meters of shallow water designed landscape belt.

著名景观设计公司Hassel采用了欧洲流行的线性景观设计思路来规划小镇，景观带延伸到小镇的各个角落，小区里还设计了6000平方米左右的浅水景观带。

Through detailed examples, the thesis analyzed and studied the current development situation and rectifying and improving program of lake landscape of our country. It summarized experience and existing problem in the development of lake landscape in China. It also put forward three aspects of protection of urban lakes.

通过具体实例，分析研究我国湖泊景观的发展现状，城市湖泊景观的整改、再开发及新兴湖泊景观建设等问题；总结现阶段我国湖泊景观开发的经验及所存在的问题，提出城市湖泊三个层面的保护。

By using the method of comparative geography, the continuity and discontinuity between alpine meadow and its neighboring and alike landscapes have been studied in order to indicate that the alpine meadow zone is the transitional landscape from montane forest to alpine steppe and it can be regarded as a large altitudinal belt compared with the latitudinally distributed tundra on a global scale.

首先，用比较地理学的方法探讨了高寒草甸与其相邻和相似景观之间存在的连续性和间断性，说明地带性的高寒草甸景观是从山地森林景观向高寒草原景观的过渡；而在全球空间尺度范围内，作为"大垂直带"的高寒草甸，与纬向分布的极地苔原具有可比性。

Based on the development of Urban Public Space, Modern Pedestrian Street and the"Place Theory", several basic design principles are put forward in this paper. And the basic structure of outdoor environmental design of Modern Pedestrian Street is built in the following five aspects: basic skill of Pedestrian Street, basic behavior pattern research of person, commercial location, landscape design principle, landscape design.

该文以城市公共空间和步行商业街的产生和发展为知识背景，根据"场所理论"提出基本设计原则，并根据自己对于"景观设计"的概念理解，从居住区步行商业街的基本功能、人的基本行为模式研究、商业定位、景观设计原则、景观设计等方面，由整体到枝节，建构了步行商业街景观设计的基本研究框架。

To keep certain number of greater patches through protection and restoration in urban area is meaningful;(2) small greenland patches with diverse structure may promote the heterogeneity of urban landscape, and serve as colonial land and stepping stones for certain populations, and create rich types of habitats and ecological niches. So laying small patches in urban environment is also important. Incorporation of the coarse grain and fine grain, aggregation and outliner of landscape elements may creates better landscape patterns;(3) many literatures have showed that good landscape connectivity benefits the longer persistence of species and the conservation of biodiversity.

大的绿地斑块有多种作用，通过城市地区自然景观斑块的保护或城市绿地的建设，在城市中维持一定的较大规模的绿地斑块是有积极意义的；（2）结构不同的小的绿地斑块可增加城市的景观异质性，为生物提供迁徙地、扩散暂歇地，创造丰富的生境资源和生态位，因此，结合大的绿地斑块的建设，同时布置小的绿地斑块作为补充，粗粒、细粒结合，集聚、分散结合是形成优良绿地景观格局的途径；（3）诸多的文献已显示，好的景观连接性有利于物种持续较长的时间，从而有利于生物多样性的保护。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了