普遍主义

The widely development and actualization of hedonism develop with the development of the civic society.

快乐主义普遍的发展与现实化是随着市民社会的发展而发展起来的。

Granted that the agonistic value-pluralism is the bottom line in Berlin's thought, the crucial issue is then whether there can be any universal justification for some version of liberalism on that ground.

如果伯林思想的基础是规避主义的价值多元论，那么关键的问题就是，在这种基础上，对于某些类型的自由主义而言是否存在任何普遍的正当性。

Ethnocentrism, the so-called nationalism, is the common ethos of every nation and country in the world.

种族中心主义又称民族中心主义是世界上每个民族和国家普遍存在的心理意识。

The core of the debate between Latour and Bloor on the Strong Program was the confrontation of Bloor\'s symmetry principle of Strong Program and Latour\'s second symmetry principle. The essential disagreement between their theories was whether to insist the subject-object schema, or to discard it. Each of them adopted his own criterion of metaphysics and the different criteria resulted in two different kinds of relativisms. Both sides fell into the same philosophical dilemma. The debate between the post-SSK represented by Latour and the SSK represented by Collins and Yearley intensively revealed their disagreement in interior social construction, manifested by the opposition between social realism and ontology of nature-society mixture, between the normative method and descriptive method, between signified view of science and practical view of science, respectively.It is necessary to trace and clarify the core concepts of Latour\'s "Actor-Network Theory" such as "actor","network","agent", etc.

关于拉图尔和布鲁尔之间关于强纲领的论战，其核心是布鲁尔强纲领的对称性原则与拉图尔的普遍对称性原则之间的争论，二人理论的本质不同在于坚持还是消解主体-客体模式，由于所持不同的形而上学标准导致了两种不同的相对主义，而争论双方陷入了相同的哲学困境；关于以拉图尔为代表的后科学知识社会学与柯林斯和耶尔莱为代表的科学知识社会学之争，集中体现了社会建构内部间在本体论、认识论、科学观上的分歧，分别表现为：社会实在论与自然—社会混合本体论的对立、规范主义进路与描述主义进路的对立、表征科学观与实践科学观之间的对立。

According to Liu Xie, there is unchangeableness in changes of literary forms or there are changes in unchangeableness.

西方现当代的结构主义和后结构主义虽然在又学形式探讨方面取得了长足的进展，为人们深入研究文学作品的形式结构指明了方向，但由于它们或只强调文学形式之普遍永恒的一面，或只强调文学形式之具体多变的一面，因而未能揭示文学形式之变中有不变的运作规律，未能为人们深刻挖掘文学作品的内在构造指出科学有效的路径。

The term eurocentrism (coined on analogy with ETHNOCENTRISM) refers to the belief that European societies are superior to those of other continents, as well as to the assumption that the norms and presuppositions of European culture have universal validity.

欧洲中心主义一词（模仿民族中心主义而创的）指一种信念，认为欧洲社会优于其他的洲的社会。它也指一种假设，即欧洲文化的规范与预设，具有普遍的适用性。

Education was the common problem which was paid close attention by the humanists at that time. Rabelais has experienced scholastic education and unreligious education, so he criticized the harmfulness of scholastic education, advocated humanistic education and conceived the intellectuals\' ideal kingdom, while his moral thought was formed on the basis of the religious faith.

教育是当时人文主义者普遍关注的问题，拉伯雷亲身体验过经院主义教育和世俗教育，他在书中批判了害人的经院主义教育，提出了人文主义教育主张，设想了知识分子的理想王国，但其德育思想是建立在宗教信仰基础之上的。

Besides, the lelated studies in china have got some other special problems:Firstly, because of a undue and stereotyped interpretation of the classic of marxism, and a one- sided and superficial understanding of Germany philosophy, especially Kants philosophy,some scholares can not understand and grasp the fundamental spirit of the Marxism deeply-ahistorical and dialectical materialism idea of freedom-the cornerstone of the theory about therule of law, the theory in china lack of the spirit of freedom of the essential value of the rule of law universally, so they are not only unprofound but also unthoroughness.

此外，我国的相关研究还存在如下问题：首先，由于对马克思主义经典著作持一种片面化、僵化的解读模式，以及对于德国古典哲学、尤其是康德哲学片面化、表面化的理解，一些学者未能深刻理解和把握马克思主义的根本精神——历史的、唯物辩证的自由思想——这一法治理论的基石，我国的法治理论比较普遍地缺乏对于法治的自由精神这一根本价值取向的深刻理解，由此导致其不仅不深刻，而且不彻底。

And evetually the Chinese people chose Marxism, for which is related by blood with the Chinese traditional culture.

中国共产党在实践中发现了用马克思主义解决中国问题的途径和方法———马克思主义普遍真理和中国具体实际相结合。

Neither simple localisms nor simple universalisms are sustainable here -- neither claims to a monolithic national sovereignty or interest or character (which are cast into doubt by internal dissent and pluralism), nor claims to universally grounded standards (which founder on the plurality of actual worldviews and moral perspectives).

在此，单独的地方主义或单独的普世主义都是不能持续的——无论是宣称完整的民族国家主权，国家利益或民族特性（这些会因为内部的异议和内部的多元主义而受到质疑），还是主张奠基于普遍基础的规范（这种主张因为实际的世界观和道德视角的多元性而失败）。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。