普克

Unless you are yourself a practitioner, this is all the Kripke that you need to know about.

除非你自己就是这一行的专家，这本书所介绍的也就是你所需要了解的关于克里普克的全部。

Firstly we talk about Kripke's theory of proper name.

我们首先讨论了克里普克的专名理论。

They are modal arguments, epistemological arguments, and semantical arguments. It is wrong to doubt the three types of the arguments.

克里普克为了证明传统的名称摹状词理论的错误给出了三大论证，即模态论证、认识论的论证和语义学的论证。

That year, the British沃尔特克洛Compton Winfield will play tennis early to be improved to make it a lawn in the summer on a sports, and the name "lawn tennis."

那年，英国人沃尔特·克洛普顿·温菲尔德将早期的网球打法加以改进，使之成为夏天在草坪上进行的一种体育活动，并取名"草地网球"。

In the aspect of the Philosophy of Language, Montague Grammar inherited Frege's theory of meaning, Russell's theory of reference, Carnap's theory of verification, Goodman's Modern Realism, Tarski's theory of truth, Kripke's semantics of possible worlds of modal logic, etc, and opens up a new direction in the study of Formal Semantics of natural language; in the aspect of Theoretic Linguistics, Montague was influenced by Chomsky's research idea about the formal treatment of the syntax in natural language and extended it to the semantic study of natural language; Montague Grammar has two theoretic sources: One is the Logical Semantics and Intensional Type Theory in Logic, and the other is Categorial Grammar and Transformative Generative Grammar in Linguistics.

在语言哲学方面它继承了弗雷格的意义论，罗素的指称论，卡尔纳曾的实证主义，古德曼的现代实在论，塔斯基的语义学真理论，克里普克的模态逻辑可能世界语义学的传统，开辟了自然语言形式语义学研究的新方向；在理论语言学方面，他受乔姆斯基形式化语言研究思想的影响，并把这一思想扩展到自然语言的语义研究方面；蒙太格语法的理论来源有两个方面：逻辑方面是逻辑语义学思想和内涵类型论理论，语言学方面是范畴语法和转换生成语法。

In this round Czechic rower Mirka Knapkova, champion of 2003 Munich World Rowing Championships, clocked 7:25.23, far ahead of all the other rowers.

该项比赛中，2003年慕尼黑世界杯冠军、捷克人米尔卡·克纳普克娃以7分25秒23的绝对优势力压所有对手，晋级半决赛。

S.A.Kripke, one of the most famous logicians and analytical philosophers in America, published an important paper named "Outline of a Theory of Truth" in 1975, in which a new solution to the semantic paradoxes was proposed and the "orthodox approach" of Tarski was criticized. Centered on the notion of the "Groundedness", the proposal has greatly stimulated the research on the semantic paradoxes.

克里普克是当代美国著名的逻辑学家、分析哲学家，影响重大。1975年他发表的重要论文《真理论纲要》对经典的塔斯基的解悖方案提出批评，发展了一种以&有根性&概念为核心的新颖解悖方案，引发了语义悖论研究的又一次高潮，极大地推动了对这一问题的研究。

He argues that no primary facts( no matter external or internal) could serve as the ultimate justification for the meaning of language, and only within a specifiable community could we establish such a testing standard of obeying rules.

克里普克对于&私人语言&问题的分析最终导致如下的结论：没有任何基本的事实能够对语言的意义进行最终的&确证&，只有从某个&群体&出发才能确立起对&遵守规则&进行检验的标准。

In this respect, the significance of Kripke's work has, I think, been much overestimated.

我认为克里普克的工作的意义一直被夸大了。

We can see that they are both philosophers and logicians, so we may find the grounds of their different kinds of analysis of proper names in first-order and modal logics.

但是应看到，弗雷格、罗素和克里普克不但是哲学家而且也都是逻辑学家，他们的哲学理论都有他们各自的逻辑理论的支持，因此他们对专名的不同分析可以从一阶逻辑与模态逻辑中找到依据。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。