显著的

We found a strong and significant correlation between contrast gain and severity of depression.

我们发现获得反差和抑郁严重程度之间有强烈而显著的相关性。

According to the energy conservation theory, BOM and CSIM4 were coupled. The BOM has no treatment on transmission solar radiation, which is of great importance when the model is adapted to Arctic Ocean. So the treatment was introduced to BOM. Through numerical test on different lead albedos, it was found that sea ice thickness is not so sensitive to lead albedo, which may be contribute to the lead occupies little ratio within multiyear sea ice pack. The reason of summer over-melt of arctic sea ice is the NCEP reanalysis downward solar radiation being larger than its reality. Then the arctic sea ice climate variability was simulated. Results showed that: simulated ice thickness change is in accord with the submarine investigated mean sea-ice draft changes. Simulated annually maximum ice thickness along the Eurasian continental oceans are closely related to the observed ones. The long-term mean simulated ice motion has the same features of the SSM/I derived ice motion. Sea ice extents in differential sub-regions have same trends comparing to the satellite passive-microwave data derived ones. Simulated ice concentration is closely related to the observed in the Arctic sub-regions. Sea ice flux through the Fram Strait involves ice concentration, motion and thickness. It is a composite criterion for sea ice model evaluation. The simulated ice area and volume export through the strait accord with the satellite derived or statistically reconstructed ones.(5) The simulated ice thickness climate variability and mean sea surface current of the coupled model were analyzed, results showed: the total ice volume in the Arctic Ocean has a significant decreasing trend. The volume variability is of a 10-year timescale oscillation, with two major periods of 12-13a and 18-20a. Mean ice thickness in the arctic sub-seas has different tendencies. It has an increasing trend in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea, and decreasing in the others. The characteristic time scale of 7-10a wherein the river discharges leads the Fram Strait ice volume export is about the period that river water takes to be conveyed across the Arctic Ocean.(6) Using the simulated ice distribution in the Arctic Ocean and China precipitation, air temperature and SST in tropical key regions, the climate teleconnection were studied. Result showed: When the mean sea ice thickness is large in the central Arctic Ocean and Chukchi-Beaufort Sea , and small in the Barents-Kara Sea and Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea , the precipitation in South China, Tibetan Plateau, and the north part of Northeastern China are always smaller than normal, and v. v. When the mean ice thickness is small in CA, BC, East Siberian Sea and Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Sea , and large in BL, The air temperature in north-eastern China, the southern of Tibetan Plateau, and Hainan Island, are always lower than normal, and v. v. In addition, when the sea ice is thick in BC and BL, the SST is larger in the middle and eastern Pacific Ocean, and is smaller in the tropical Southeastern Indian Ocean.

由于BOM没有考虑透射太阳辐射的物理过程，研究表明透射太阳辐射对北冰洋的能量收支起到重要作用，因此在BOM模式中引入了对透射太阳辐射的处理；通过对不同水道反照率的数值试验表明海冰厚度对水道反照率的敏感性不强，可能与海冰区水道面积占的比率很小有关；而模式模拟的北极海冰夏季&过度融化&主要源于NCEP再分析资料提供了偏大的太阳短波辐射；对北极海冰的气候变率进行了模拟研究，结果表明：模拟的海冰厚度变化与潜艇探测的海冰吃深度变化具有一致性；模拟和观测的亚欧大陆沿海的年内最大海冰厚度有很好的相关；模拟的海冰移速与长期平均的卫星反演的海冰移速具有相同的速度分布特征；模拟的各个海区海冰面积的变化趋势与卫星反演资料分析的结果基本一致；模拟与观测的主要海洋分区的海冰密集度具有很好的相关：弗瑞姆海峡的海冰体积和面积的输送涉及到海冰密集度、厚度和移动速度，是判断模式模拟能力的一个综合的指标，模式模拟的结果与卫星反演或重建的面积输送、体积输送具有很好的一致性；(5)分析了模拟的北极海冰厚度的气候变率及气候平均表层海流场，结果表明：北极海冰的总体积有显著减少的趋势，北极海冰总体积的变化具有10a际尺度振荡的特点，存在18-20a和12-13a两个主周期；北极海冰的平均厚度在各个海区的变化趋势不同，在巴伦支—喀拉海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海地区海冰厚度有显著的增加趋势，而其它海区存在减少的趋势；通过对模拟的气候平均表层海流的分析表明，北极河流流量超前弗瑞姆海峡海冰流量7-10年的特征时间尺度与表层海流的气候分布存在着必然联系：(6)利用模拟结果以及中国降水、气温和热带关键区SST资料，讨论了北极各海区海冰平均厚度与中国降水、气温以及热带关键区SST的关系，结果表明：在北极中心海区和楚科奇—波弗特海海冰厚度偏大，在巴伦支—喀拉海以及巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏小，则中国降水在华南地区、青藏高原和东北北部降水偏少，反之相反；在北极中心海区、东西伯利亚海、楚科奇—波弗特海以及格陵兰海海冰厚度偏小，在巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大，则在中国东北地区、高原南部地区和海南岛附近气温偏低，反之相反；另外，北极楚科奇—波弗特海和巴芬湾—拉布拉多海海冰厚度偏大时，在热带中东太平洋海温偏高，而在热带东南印度洋海温偏低。

Through the morphological observation on silicon particles of Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy, it is found, that during solution heat treatment the evolution of eutectic silicon morphology and their effect on mechanical property can be classified into three stages. In the initial stage, necking, stubbing and fragmentation of silicon particles results in an improvement in plasticity of the alloy. In the intermediate stage, the mechanical properties of the alloy attain peak values due to the spheroidization of silicon particles.

在固溶处理过程中，共晶硅相形貌发生了显著的变化，并对合金的性能产生了很大的影响；通过定量金相分析，共晶硅相形貌的演变及其对合金力学性能的影响可划分为三个阶段：固溶初期硅相的熔断和钝化使合金的塑性得到显著的提高；固溶中期以粒化为主，合金的力学性能达到了峰值；固溶后期硅相的粗化符合LSW粗化模型，硅相形貌呈现棱角小面特性，合金性能降低。

Foundlings and advancement of this thesis: firstly, in China the entrepreneurial competency in small and medium sized catering enterprises is multi-dimensional, including opportunity competencies, organizing competencies, relationship

本文取得的研究成果与贡献：首先，中国背景下，中小餐饮企业企业家创业胜任力特征是一个多维概念，包括机会胜任力、组织胜任力、关系胜任力、承诺胜任力、战略胜任力和概念胜任力，本研究对基于行为测量的创业胜任力调查工具的开发做出了贡献；其次，企业家的创业胜任力可以通过相关的管理和技术训练、相关行业工作经验和创业经验得到显著提高，该结论为企业家的培训和发展提供了可借鉴的方法；第三，企业家创业胜任力与企业绩效有显著的相关关系和因果关系；最后，企业家创业胜任力与企业绩效之间的关系不同程度地受到企业经营模式、发展阶段和创业环境的缓冲调节作用。

We study technical spillovers of foreign direct investment in China in this paper based on provinces panel data.

利用中国29个省区1994－2003年面板数据，本文研究了外商直接投资对中国省区经济增长效率的影响，结果显示，相对于国内企业，外资企业具有相对较高的技术效率，外商直接投资对中国省区技术效率的提高有显著的溢出效应，外商直接投资的技术溢出呈现一种区域的差异性，而对外贸易对中国省区的技术效率并没有产生明显的技术溢出，在分区域研究的时候发现，对外贸易对西部省区技术效率的提高产生了显著的抑止作用。

The twig production of different clones is different, from 5.5 twigs per month to 14.8 twigs per month. The rooting rate, root number and root length change regularly as the concentration of IBA goes up from 0.05 to 2.00 mg/L. At the concentration of 0.05 mg/L ppm IBA, rooting rate and root length are the highest. Cutting substrate also has eminent effect on rooting rate and survival rate, 50% peat plus 50% sub-top soil is the best substrate. The survival rate differs greatly among clones, from 56.7% to 90.0%. Rooting rate and survival rate change regularly as season changes. The rooting rate of May and June is middle, that of July and August is high and that of September and October drops rapidly. The survival rate is low in May, September and October and high in June, July and August.

结果表明：不同无性系的萌条数量有显著差异，高的达14.8条／月，低的5.5条／月，平均9.1条／月，从0.05~2.00 mg/L，随着IBA浓度的提离，生根率、根条数、总根长等生根指标均呈现有规律的变化；综合考虑各种生根指标，以IBA0.05 mg/L为最佳生根激素处理，扦插介质对柚木插穗生根有显著的影响，以泥炭土＋黄心土按1：1混合为最佳扦插介质；不同无性系的扦插成活率不同，从56.7%至90.0%，变动幅度大，随扦插季节变化，生根率和成活率均呈现有规律的变化，5~6月份的生根率中等，7~8月最高，9~10月份迅速下降，成活率随季节的变化也是两头低、中间高，6~8月的成活率最高，大于93%。

Each time after putting to (the instrument with the set of Yamshidi-Nadel provided by Kypho of America for injection of bone cement into the vertebrae; each putting could contain about 1.5 mL bone cement) inject bone cement into the vertebrae, the pressure P was not very high, with 500 kPa bar below for majority and the effect caused showed a significant statistical difference (P.01). Whereas, the pressure within the area of the vertebral P value was not high either, the majority was 10.00 Unit lower, which also led to the effects of significant difference (P.01). Both two states showed partial distribution. After making the statistical analysis to the casual two puttings between the first, second, third and fourth putting of each vertebrae, there existed the general differences. The differences were also found between other puttings (a.0083) on the statistics basis apart from between the first and second and between the third and fourth.

结果 每个椎体的椎体成形术均达到临床评价要求，每次推杆（美国Kypho公司提供标准椎体成形术中Yamshi-Nadel套系中推注骨水泥入椎体的器具，每具推杆可容纳骨水泥约1.5mL）推注骨水泥入椎体时所产生的椎体内的压力P不是很高，多数在0.50 bar以下，其所导致的效应具有显著的统计学差异(P.01)，而每次推杆推注骨水泥入椎体时的椎体内压力面积值P也不是很高，多数在10.00 Unit以下，其所导致的效应具有显著的统计学差异(P.01)，两者均呈偏态分布；而且，对每例椎体的第一、二、三、四杆之间两两予以统计学上的分析，在总体存在差异有统计学意义的基础上还发现除第一和二杆、第三和四杆之间外，其他各杆之间存在着差异(a.0083)。

In summer, the high-abundance distribution area of Pteropods is located in the place where the Taiwan Warm Current originates from Kuroshio.

结果表明，东海翼足类总丰度和出现频率有明显的季节变化，均为秋季最高，夏季次之，春季最低；总丰度在各个季节基本上呈东海南部高于北部、外海高于近海的分布趋势；春季的尖笔帽螺、夏季的锥笔帽螺、秋季的蝴蝶螺和冬季的马蹄螔螺是导致总丰度季节变化的最主要的种类；冬、春和夏3个季节丰度变化及4季总丰度的变化同表层或10 m层水温有非常显著的线性相关关系，与底层温度及盐度的相关关系不显著。

The result also showed the psychological support can remarkably boost prentices' organizational commitment, but the function on job performance was divided into direct effect and indirect effect, namely the organizational commitment had the mediation effect to the relationship between psychological support and job performance. Besides, the career support had feeble direct effect on prentices' turnover intention, and the psychological support worked on prentices' turnover intention totally via the organizational commitment.

结构方程模型检验的结果显示，师徒关系中的职业支持和心理支持都对徒弟的工作绩效存在着显著的正面影响，其中职业支持对徒弟工作绩效的直接影响作用更大；心理支持对徒弟的组织承诺有显著的预测作用，而对徒弟的工作绩效的作用，一部分是直接效应，另一部分则是通过组织承诺来实施的；职业支持对徒弟的离职意愿只存在着薄弱的直接效应，心理支持则是完全通过影响徒弟的组织承诺来影响徒弟的离职倾向。

In this thesis, Water Solubility, 1-Octanol/water Partition Coefficient, molecular Total Surface Area, Aqueous Activity Coefficient, Henry Law's Constant and gas chromatogram relative retention times for biphenyl and its 209 chlorinated congeners were studies with holographic QSAR techniques and highly predictive QSAR models were developed. An internal validation (cross-validation) and external validation were performed to evaluate the predictivity and robustness of the HQSAR models. Based on these highly predictive QSARs, the corresponding data of 5 properties of all these pollutants were presented.

应用简化的响应曲面分析来建立显著的预测模型，必须要考虑到空间立体因素的影响；基于分子模拟技术的三维QSAR技术能够建立显著的预测模型，并且有利于对毒性机理的理解；而基于分子全息的QSAR技术建立了具有高度预测能力的QSAR模型，组内交叉验证和组外预测等方法证明模型具有高度的预测能力和稳健性，可以对硝基芳烃这一类分子结构、体内代谢过程和致毒机理都很复杂的污染物进行定量预测。

The X-ray diffract was used to analyze the crystal structure of the composite. Results show that after the talc was treated with blend coupling agent, the crystal structure of talc changed, and effect Intercalation phenomenon.

通过X射线衍射分析可知，用混合偶联剂对滑石粉进行预处理后，滑石粉晶体结构发生改变，产生了插层现象，使PP／滑石粉复合材料为纳米复合材料。

An authentic Maui wedding might require the services of a 'kahu', which is a Hawaiian minister.

毛伊可能需要一个真实婚礼服务'kahu'，这是夏威夷部长。