显微镜的

This research and development effort bore its first noteworthy fruit in 1886 when Zeiss marketed the first "aphochromate" microscope objectives; this apochromatic microscope objective offered superior quality. Employing "fluorspar" elements this was the first use of crystal in an industrial optical application.

这些研究和发展的努力在1886年结出了第一个果实，蔡司公司于当年推出了"aphochromate"显微镜即复消色差透镜显微镜；此种显微镜提供了出众的品质，其中萤石成分的使用是玻璃晶体在工业光学中的首次应用。

Nano- and Micro-Hardness Testers（Nano Indentor/Micro Indentor）- Quantitative measurement of mechanical surface properties: elastic modulus and hardness - Analysis of fracture modes, cracking,… Nano- and Micro-Scratch Testers - Adhesion and anti-scratch properties of coatings and films - Profilometry Tribometers - High Temperature, Vacuum and Nano Tribology - Wear and Friction studies Calotest / Calowear - Coating thickness measurement - Wear rate testing 3D Imaging - Atomic Force Microscope - Confocal Microscope

动态压痕测试仪器为您提供纳米或微米尺度下材料的硬度、弹性模量、蠕变、断裂韧性等性质。我们还为您提供纳米级、微米级摩擦磨损测试仪器，用以测量材料的摩擦系数和磨损率。我们的球磨仪器是测量薄膜厚度最简单准确的工具。我们同时提供光学显微镜、原子力显微镜、白光共焦显微镜成像工具。我们在瑞士的分析测试中心随时准备为您提供高质量测试服务。

Surface waxes of the pericarp were observed by scanning electron microscopy; the structure and composition of cell wall were studied using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy respectively; the changes of calcium in the cell wall were determined by atomic absorption and the integrity of cell membrane by conductivity meter respectively.

本论文采用扫描电子显微镜研究果实表皮蜡层的变化，用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪研究果实细胞壁结构和成分的变化，用原子吸收分光光度计测定细胞壁钙离子的变化，用电导率仪检测果实细胞的完整性。同时测定了果实酚类物质含量、多酚氧化酶(EC 1.10.3.1)活性、过氧化物酶(EC 1.11.1.7)活性，并分析了果实硬度、糖和酸含量等品质指标。

This phenomenon which is similar to liquid is validated under normal temperature and pressure on the surface of pure metal, alloy, mylonitic quartzite, gabbros et al. using metallographic microscope, TEM, SEM, AFM and X-ray diffractometer based on preceding researchers. The phenomenon reveals a new matter existence state in non-extreme arduous conditions, besides the well-known states, gas, liquid, solid and liquid crystal.

本文在前人研究的基础上，采用金相显微镜、透射及环境扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜和X 射线衍射仪等观测仪器，对纯金属、合金和非金属材料糜棱状石英岩、辉长岩等进行观察，验证了在常温常压下，这些材料中存在着一种未被人们认知的，具有类似流体特征的非线性振荡现象——&类流态&现象，是一种非极端条件下新的物质存在状态。

METHODS: The level of intracellular calcium of human microglia grown on coverslip,which was loaded by calcium-probe,Fluo-4,and then treated in various experimental processing,was detected by confocal microscopy with time resolution mode.The binding of gp120 to human microglia was determined with confocal microscopy or flow cytometry after treatment with gp120 and stained with anti-gp120-FITC antibody.Phosphorylation of ERK within human microglia with or without gp120 stimulation was analyzed with confocal microscopy following the direct immuno-staining with anti-phosphorylated ERK antibody.

用钙离子探针Fluo-4标记粘附在盖玻片上的人小胶质细胞，运用共聚焦显微镜以荧光强度为指标实时观察各种条件下的细胞内钙离子水平的变化；用gp120处理并用anti-gp120-FITC进行染色，运用共聚焦显微镜术和流式细胞术分析人小胶质细胞与gp120结合情况；用抗磷酸化ERK 抗体免疫荧光方法进行染色，运用共聚焦显微镜术和流式细胞术进行ERK磷酸化水平分析。

The formation process of pure Cu on bronze archaeology is simulated in laboratory conditions, in which CuCl can be fully deoxidised to pure Cu for extended period of time. The same condition for the formation of pure Cu can also be provided in soil. This outcome forms the theoretical and experimental basis for restoring excavated bronze artefact from harmful patina CuCl.

用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜研究了纯铜晶粒及腐蚀界面的形貌特征，在实验室条件下模拟了纯铜晶粒在青铜文物表面的析出过程，通过延长还原时间CuCl可全部被还原成纯铜，其生成条件在土壤中也具备，这为除去青铜文物上的有害锈提供了理论和实验依据。

Mechanical properties and hardness of the welding joint was tested, and microstructure of welding wire and welding joint were observed via OM, XRD, TEM and SEM. Analysis and explanation in theory were also given.

测试了焊接接头的拉伸力学性能和硬度分布规律，采用金相显微镜、X射线物相分析、透射电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了焊丝合金和焊接接头不同区域的显微组织结构，并从理论上进行了分析和解释。

As demands of microscope users on image quality increase, further progress is impeded because the glass available for lens making just does not have the desired dispersion properties to match improved lens designs.

随着显微镜用户对成像质量提出越来越高的要求，显微镜制造遇到了新的瓶颈-找不到合适的玻璃材料能够满足高性能的显微镜设计。

The defect formation of Langmuir-Blodgett film of 1,2-dipalmitoyl- sn -glycero-3-phosphocholine injured by potassium oxalate was investigated with the aid of atomic force microscopy and fluorescent microscopy. The effect of the defects on the growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate was investigated by scanning electronic microscopy.

本文采用经草酸钾处理后存在缺陷的二棕榈酰磷酯酰胆碱的LB膜为模型，采用原子力显微镜、荧光显微镜和扫描电子显微镜研究了模型膜的缺陷畴区及其对一水草酸钙晶体生长的促进作用。

Recent years, with the development of optical technology, the Polarizing microscope is in widely use.

N-501P偏光显微镜 N-501P 透射偏光显微镜是地质、矿产、冶金等部门和相关高等院校最常用的专业实验仪器之一，近年来，随着光学技术的不断进步，作为光学仪器的偏光显微镜，其应用也越来越广泛。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。