显微观察

The microstructure and ultrastructure of aerial mycelium, substrate mycelium and sclerotium in each period from germination to maturation were observed by microscope, fluorescence microscope and transmission electron microscope.

采用普通光学显微镜、荧光显微镜和透射电子显微镜对各供试菌株的气生菌丝、基内菌丝以及菌核从发生到成熟各阶段菌核细胞的显微、超微结构进行了观察。

The shearing feature on plane Y was obtained and the mechanism of shearing deformaion was explained.

通过显微组织观察，得出了Y平面上的剪切变形特征，并解释了剪切变形的成形机制。

AIM: To observe the effect of solanine on the contents of caspase-3 and Bcl-2 in HepG2, and to explicate the mechanism by which solanine induces the apoptosis of tumor cells. METHODS: Laser confocal scanning microscopy and Western blot were used to measure the contents of caspase-3 and Bcl-2, and LCSM was used to determine their locations in the cell. RESULT: Solanine markedly increased the content of caspase-3 while decreasing that of Bcl-2 in HepG2, both in a dose-dependent way.

目的：观察龙葵碱对HepG2细胞内caspase-3及Bcl-2蛋白含量的影响，阐明龙葵碱诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的作用机制方法：采用激光共聚焦扫描显微术和Western blot法检测caspase-3和Bcl-2蛋白含量，并对二者在细胞内的位置进行定位结果：龙葵碱能够显著升高跳西2细胞内caspase-3蛋白含量，降低Bcl-2的含量，并且均具有剂量依赖性。

Submicroscopic structure revealed that the structure of chloroplasts and mitochondria was damaged.

亚显微结构观察显示，叶绿体、线粒体遭到破坏。

There are indications that the peripheral blood cells of artificial gynogenetic grass carp can distinguish seven different cell types:erythrocyte, thrombocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte,neutrophilic granular cell, acidophilic granular cell and basophilic granular cell.

观察结果表明，雌核发育草鱼外周血液中可区分出七种不同类型的血细胞：红细胞、血栓细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞，这些血细胞的显微及超微结构与已报道过的鲤鱼、鲫鱼、普通草鱼相应血细胞的结构基本相同

The mechanical properties testing, microstructure observation and fractographic features analysis of the troostite high chromium cast iron blade were carried out.

对屈氏体高铬铸铁叶片进行力学性能测试、显微组织观察和断口形貌分析。

A series of indexes reflecting free radical changes, anti-oxidations, Immune function, endocrine function was studied by Chemiluminescence method, immunoturbidimetry, ANAE dye method, micro-hemagglutination inhibition test and radio immunoassay in the chicken with encephalomalicia induced by giving the feed being deficient in VE and extra fish oil artificially. The pathological changes including microscopic and ultramicroscopic changes in the relative organs and tissues were observed.

本实验以一日龄150只海兰兰蛋鸡为实验动物，用低维生素E且添加鱼油日粮饲喂雏鸡，复制脑软化症动物模型，采用化学发光法、免疫浊度测定法、酸性α-醋酸萘脂酶染色法、微量血凝抑制试验、放射免疫测定技术等方法系统地检测了脑软化雏鸡的自由基代谢和抗氧化功能、红细胞免疫功能、细胞免疫功能、体液免疫功能及非特异性免疫功能等指标，并对患雏病理组织进行了显微及超微结构观察。

From the tests,we have obtained some structural variant features related with salt resistance and demonstrated the successful introduction of Rhizophora apicularta DNA into tomato.This thesis contains two parts. In the first part,the morphological and anatomical structures of the leaves were investigated. As to the morphology,some difference between control and transformed tomato were found. The leaf dimensions of the transformed tomato with unextended leaves were smaller than that of control. These structure changes should help to decrease the evaporation of water effectively and release the physiological drought resulted from saline.

本实验分两部分：第一部分、对转化番茄的形态及细胞显微结构进行观察与分析，实验表明转化番茄形态与对照相比有明显的变化，其叶面积变小，叶形收拢，这种结构可有效地减少水分的蒸发，缓解由盐胁产生的生理干旱；组织解剖结构结果显示，耐盐番茄在细胞结构上发生了明显的变异：其气孔器倾向下陷，表皮毛增多，叶脉微管组织不发达，微管束周围出现增多的贮水细胞，叶缘及其它部位表面分化出大型的多细胞分泌型结构，这些结构与转化番茄后代较强的耐盐能力有关。

Methods The otoconia of 18 guinea pigs were damaged by a high G force (10 Gy 5 min), and their utricle macula were observed by scanning electron microscopy at 1 h, 2 d and 8 d after the damage respectively. The elements of different kinds of otoconia were measured qualitatively and quantitatively by electron probe Xray microanalysis.

给予过载刺激(10 Gy 5 min)造成18只豚鼠耳石的损伤破坏，用扫描电镜（scanning electron microscopy，SEM）分别观察过载刺激后1 h、2 d、8 d时其椭圆囊囊斑，用X射线显微能谱分析技术(electron probe Xray microanalysis，EPMA)测量不同形态类别的耳石元素构成。

For assisting identification of crude drug Herba Dendrobii. Methods Morphological and histological studies were carried out on 11 medicinal plant roots in Dendrobium Sw. by microstructural observation. The 11 species were divided into three groups according to their stem morphology: a pair fleshy-stem group, including D. chrysanthum, D. crepidatum, D. primulinum, D. hercoglossum, and D. crystallium; b thick-and rigid-stem group, including D. fimbriatum and D. aurantiacum var. denneanum; c node-or inter- node- bulgy-stem group, including D. findlayanum, D. gratiosissimum, D. pendulum, and D. wardianum. The surface descriptions of velamen were conducted for D. fimbriatum and D. aurantiacum var. denneanum which are similar in characters of cross section.

方法利用形态组织学方法，对茎多肉质的束花石斛Dendrobium chrysanthum及其易混的玫瑰石斛D.crepidatum、报春石斛D.primulinum、重唇石斛D.hercoglossum、晶帽石斛D.crystallium；茎粗硬的流苏石斛D.fimbriatum及其易混的叠鞘石斛D.aurantiacumvar.denneanum；茎节或节间肿胀的棒节石斛D.findlayanum、杯鞘石斛D.gratiosissimum、肿节石斛D.pendulum和大苞鞘石斛D.wardianum共11种药用石斛根进行显微结构研究；对根横切面结构相似的流苏石斛和叠鞘石斛，配合进行了根被表面制片观察。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。