显微技术

To study and know well the rudimentary knowledge and the basic techniques of modern Microbiology are demanded for Graduate students. The experiments including the principle and operation of phase contrast microscope and fluorescence microscope; Microphotography , the technique of photographic enlargement;Applications of polymerase chain reaction ; Construction, transformation and detection of plasmid in E.coli ; Infectivity of virus and its molecular detection ; The technique of protoplast fusion in filamentary fungi ; Induction and purification of β-galactosidase from E.coli and assay the enzyme activity; Detection of GC content and DNA-DNA hybridization in bacteria ; Production , extraction and detection of poly--hyduoxy butyrate from bacteria.

以实验教学为主，要求研究生学习和掌握一些现代微生物学研究所需的基本技术，内容包括：相差显微镜、荧光显微镜的使用和显微摄影技术，PCR技术的应用，细菌质粒的构建、转化及检测技术，病毒的侵染性及其分子检测技术，丝状真菌原生质体融合技术，大肠杆菌β-半乳糖苷酶的分离及纯化及其动力学测定技术，细菌G+C mol%的测定及细菌DNA-DNA杂交技术和聚羟基丁酸产生菌的发酵、产物提取及检测技术等。

When an image digital holographic microscopy layout is employed, the Fresnel integral cannot be used in separating the reconstructed image from its conjugate image and background.

在像面数字全息中，用菲涅尔衍射积分进行复振幅再现的方法已不适用，将相移同轴技术与数字全息显微术结合，研究了以平行光为参考光记录相移同轴像面显微数字全息图及其幅度和相位再现方法。

To understand how to use differential centrifugation to separate organelle and biological molecular;microspectrophotometry;immunofluorescence technifue and immune electron microscopy;in situ hybridization; aser scanning confocal microscopy;the method to show the nucleic acid、protein、enzyme、glucide and lipid; negative staining; freeze etching and quick freeze deepetching; flow cytometry.

了解用超速离心技术分离细胞器与生物大分子；显微分光光度测定技术；免疫荧光技术与免疫电镜技术；原位杂交技术；激光共焦点扫描显微镜技术；细胞内核酸、蛋白质、酶、糖类与脂质等的显示方法；负染色技术冷冻断裂和冷冻蚀刻电镜技术；流式细胞仪。

The operations used in this group include neurolysis,epineurial repair,epineurial-fascicular repair,fascicular repair and nerve grafting.Results:All cases were followed-up after 18 months to 60 months and the excellent rate was 80.4％.Conclusions:Those result indicated that the preceded microsurgical repair of peripheral nerve injury is an effective method for raising the excellent rate of peripheral nerve injuries,and for vary nerve,different section of nerve injured,very nature of nerve injury,the method are vary.

目的：分析应用显微外科技术在修复周围神经损伤中影响其疗效的因素及处理措施方法：从1987年至1997年，用显微外科技术修复周围神经损伤80例92条神经，方法包括神经松解术、神经外膜缝合术、外膜束组膜缝合术、束膜缝合术和神经移植术结果：经术后18个～60个随访，优良率80.4％结论：神经断端精确对合和及早修复可提高其疗效；同神经、同的损伤平面、损伤程度同，采用同的缝合方法

Counting method of microorganisms in environment;②preparation of smears for observing forms and structures of bacteria、Actinomyces、yeasts and molds, methods and technologies of staining and oil immersion objective;③cell counting techniques and microscope examination techniques;④preparation of microbic media and sterilization techniques;⑤aseptic operations and microbic inoculation methods ;⑥technics of microbic separation、purification and cultivation;⑦physiological and biochemical reactions of microorganisms and the microbial examination techniques of food sanitation to strengthen students the operation techniques.

课程内容：本课程实验内容包括：①环境中微生物检测计数；②细菌、放线菌、酵母及霉菌细胞形态、结构的制片，染色和显微镜观测，油浸物镜的使用技术；③细胞计数技术和显微测量技术；④微生物培养基制备、压力蒸气灭菌技术；⑤无菌操作技术、移种技术；⑥微生物分离、纯化和培养技术；⑦微生物的生理、生化反应及食品卫生微生物检测技术等旨在加强学生微生物学的操作技术。

It is tentative investigated the transferring of mitochondria by microinjection. It is found that the key of the success of transferring of mitochondria by microinjection is not the microinjected from pollen grain trema, but the cultivated of the microinjected pollen grain.

对显微注射转移植物线粒体的技术进行了探索性研究，结果表明，该技术的难点不在通过花粉粒萌发孔进行mtDNA的显微注射，而在注射后花粉粒的培养。

The research work in this dissertation aim to apply the advanced technique in practice, that ramifies three parts: at first, the basic study of the computer vision, especially the stereo vision, include their technical mechanisms, methods and algorithms resolves the same technical problems of endoscopy and ferrograhpy based on stereo vision.

本文的研究工作以技术应用为目标，分为三大部分：首先是对计算机视觉，特别是立体视觉技术机理、方法和算法的基本研究，主要解决了立体视觉在内窥探伤与铁谱检测中应用的技术共同点；其次是对基于立体视觉的发动机内窥探伤的技术研究和系统开发，解决了立体视觉用于内窥图像这一宏观图像的技术和算法实现问题，其中包括对内窥场景的视觉重建和对发动机内部典型损伤的分析；最后对基于立体视觉的磨粒分析技术的系统构架、实施方法和相关算法进行了研究，主要解决了立体视觉用于磨粒显微图像的技术问题，并对融合三维描述参数的磨粒形态综合识别方法进行了初步研究与探讨。

The research work in this dissertation aim to apply the advanced technique in practice, that ramifies three parts: at first, the basic study of the computer vision, especially the stereo vision, include their technical mechanisms, methods and algorithms resolves the same technical problems of endoscopy and ferrograhpy based on stereo vision. Secondly, the endoscopy of engine fault inspection based on stereovision is researched and the system faced to this application is developed, thus the problems of stereovision applied to macroscopical images such as endoscopic images are resolved in method and computation. In addition, inside scenes are reconstructed and typical damages of engine inside are analyzed. Thirdly, the investigations of system formation, methods applied and algorithms study of debris analysis based on stereovision is carried out. Thus the problems of stereovision applied in debris analysis are resolved mainly. Furthermore, the integrated method combine with 3D symbolic parameters is studied and discussed for the recognition of debris configuration in pilot.

本文的研究工作以技术应用为目标，分为三大部分：首先是对计算机视觉，特别是立体视觉技术机理、方法和算法的基本研究，主要解决了立体视觉在内窥探伤与铁谱检测中应用的技术共同点；其次是对基于立体视觉的发动机内窥探伤的技术研究和系统开发，解决了立体视觉用于内窥图像这一宏观图像的技术和算法实现问题，其中包括对内窥场景的视觉重建和对发动机内部典型损伤的分析；最后对基于立体视觉的磨粒分析技术的系统构架、实施方法和相关算法进行了研究，主要解决了立体视觉用于磨粒显微图像的技术问题，并对融合三维描述参数的磨粒形态综合识别方法进行了初步研究与探讨。

The research work in this dissertation aim to apply the advanced technique in practice, that ramifies three parts: at first, the basic study of the computer vision, especially the stereo vision, include their technical mechanisms, methods and algorithms resolves the same technical problems of endoscopy and ferrograhpy based on stereo vision. Secondly, the endoscopy of engine fault inspection based on stereovision is researched and the system faced to this application is developed, thus the problems of stereovision applied to macroscopical images such as endoscopic images are resolved in method and computation. In addition, inside scenes are reconstructed and typical damages of engine inside are analyzed. Thirdly, the investigations of system formation, methods applied and algorithms study of debris analysis based on stereovision is carried out. Thus the problems of stereovision applied in debris analysis are resolved mainly. Furthermore, the integrated method combine with 3D symbolic parameters is studied an d discussed for the recognition of debris configuration in pilot.

本文的研究工作以技术应用为目标，分为三大部分：首先是对计算机视觉，特别是立体视觉技术机理、方法和算法的基本研究，主要解决了立体视觉在内窥探伤与铁谱检测中应用的技术共同点；其次是对基于立体视觉的发动机内窥探伤的技术研究和系统开发，解决了立体视觉用于内窥图像这一宏观图像的技术和算法实现问题，其中包括对内窥场景的视觉重建和对发动机内部典型损伤的分析；最后对基于立体视觉的磨粒分析技术的系统构架、实施方法和相关算法进行了研究，主要解决了立体视觉用于磨粒显微图像的技术问题，并对融合三维描述参数的磨粒形态综合识别方法进行了初步研究与探讨。

Laser confocal scanning microscopy is a new technology combining modern optics and electronics. The unique feature of point light source and point detecting eliminates out-of-focus blur and spots. Therefore, the axial and lateral resolution of the system is superior and 3-D imaging can be realized by scanning point by point of the object profile. Because of its advantages, confocal measurement technology is widely applied in many fields, such as medical treatment, biology, configuration of substances and micro-electronics.

激光共焦扫描显微术是结合了现代光电技术的新型扫描显微成像方法，其独特的点照明与点探测机理排除了离焦光线对图像造成的模糊和斑点影响，因而具有出众的轴向分辨率和横向分辨率；采用扫描技术在样品表面的各点逐点扫描，能够实现对微小物体的三维成像，因此在医疗、生物、物质结构、微电子等领域均具有广泛的应用。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。