星系

The light of our galaxy is emitted from, at least, 200 billion stars converged at the existing star formation and from a great volume of stars and star clouds. It is a tremendous galaxy of whirlpool type with the confluence of a variety of interstellar materials, whose diameter is more than 7,000 light-years.

银河系是由我们所在的星系中至少2000亿颗星体和星云中的许多星体和星云所发出的光，以及各类星际物质等汇合而成的直径超过7000光年的巨型旋涡状星系。

To better understand this symbiotic relationship, scientists have turned to rapidly growing black holes -- so-called active galactic nucleus -- to study how they are affected by their galactic environments.

为了更好理解他们的共生关系，天文学家转向寻找演变速度相对较快的黑洞，就是所谓的活动星系核，以此来研究他们是如何受到星系环境的影响。

Each galaxy also contains an active galactic nucleus, evidence that the chaos is allowing gas to fall into the regions around central black holes as well as feeding starbursts.

每一个星系都包含一活动星系核，有证据表明混乱正在使气体落入中心黑洞周围的区域，同时也为星暴提供着给养。

From these analyses, we found that the spectral index is higher than,and gained that the evolution of AGNS could be from high-energy objects to the low-energy objects,such as BL Lac objects to the low-polarizble Quasar. In the paper, we also studied the possible correlations of the redshift and the spectral index and flux densities for different wavebands.

同时本论文还对活动星系核的各波段的流量密度进行了分析，得出：活动星系核的演化是由流量密度大的天体演化到流量密度小的天体；活动星系核的各波段辐射流量存在线性相关性，尤其是BL Lac的各波段辐射流量的线性相关特别突出。

Here, I introduce the Hubble classification system of galaxies, star dynamical in galaxy and the quasi-stationary spiral structure hypothesis of C.

其中介绍了星系的Hubble分类；对盘状星系研究的各种理论模型；星系内部的恒星动力学；林家翘、徐遐生提出的准稳密度波理论。

Consider a star in the disk at distance r from the center.

points 若星系中心无黑洞，星系的恒星分布均匀，整个星系可当作是一个质量均匀分布的扁圆盘。

We find that model LBGs can have the same Two Point Correlation Funtion over the range of observable separations even though the cosmology and/or galaxy formation model are different. Moreover, with similar galaxy formation models, different cosmologies can result in both the same TPCF and the same PVD.

进而发现：(1)即使宇宙学和星系形成模型均不同，模型Lyman Break星系在可观测的尺度上也可以表现出一样的两点相关函数；(2)另外，不同的宇宙学模型可以预言相同的TPCF和PVD；(3)然而，不同的星系形成模型即使保持TPCF一样，也将预言截然不同的PVD。

The smash-up between M86 and NGC4438 had not been suspected before, and may explain why M86, which is visible to the naked eye, is unable to give birth to new stars.

以前，天文学家们不曾猜想到星系 M86 和 NGC4438之间的碰撞。然而，那次碰撞可以解释为什么星系 M86中不能产生新恒星。 M86是用肉眼可以看到的一个星系。

After Edwin Hubble discovered in 1929 that the distances to far away galaxies were generally proportional to their redshifts, as suggested by Lema tre in 1927, this observation was taken to indicate that all very distant galaxies and clusters have an apparent velocity directly away from our vantage point: the farther away, the higher the apparent velocity.

在埃德温哈勃在1929年发现的距离遥远的星系一般都是成正比的红移秒，所建议的勒梅特于1927年，这一观察表明，采取非常遥远的星系和星系有一个明显的速度直接远离我们的优势点：更远，更高速度的明显。

To make matters worse, the simulations suggest that the galaxy orbits ours in the same plane as our galaxy's disc. If it is now on the opposite side of the galaxy from us, it could be hiding behind the thick gas and dust in the galactic plane.

从最坏的角度进行考虑，这项模拟实验暗示着该星系像我们银河系一样在相同的平面环绕运行，如果目前它位于地球相反的方向，那么该星系则隐藏在星系平面的厚气体云和灰尘团之中。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。