星系

We also know that some BH mass is accreted after galaxy formation, because low-level AGN activity has been observed in some old galaxies.

同时我们也知道在星系形成之后，一些黑洞的质量仍在增长，因为在一些年长的星系中仍观测到有低水平的活动星系核活动。

In the Local Group, as elsewhere in the Universe, however, dwarf galaxies outnumber their larger, shapelier cousins.

在本星系群或者宇宙的其他地方，矮星系都多于形状规则的大型星系同辈。

But out of these million galaxies, how do we know which are spirals and which are ellipticals?

但是除去这数以万计的星系，我们怎么知道哪些是椭圆星系哪些是螺旋星系呢？

What is more, the very presence of assemblages such as our Milky Way Galaxy speaks to the influence of more mass than we can see.

此外，准确地说，一个星系总是会受到更大星系的影响，大到我们无法想象的星系。

Located 300 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices, the colliding galaxies have been nicknamed "The Mice" because of the long tails of stars and gas emanating from each galaxy.

这个星系对在后发座，离我们3亿光年，因为2个星系都具有恒星和发射气体组成的长长的潮汐尾而昵称为&老鼠星系&。

The new technique reduced the distance ladder to three "rungs":(1) The distance to galaxy NGC4258 is measured using straightforward geometry and Kepler's laws;(2)Cepheids in six more distant galaxies are used to calibrate the luminosity of Type Ia supernovae;(3) The Hubble constant is measured by observing a brighter milepost marker, Type Ia supernovae, in more distant galaxies hundreds of millions of light-years away, embedded in the expanding universe.

这种新技巧简化了距离跳跃为三个&阶梯&：1、星系NGC 4258的距离采用开普勒定律和简单直接的几何方法精确测量；2、在6个更远的星系中的造父变星用来校准Ia超新星的光度；3、深嵌于数亿光年外的膨胀宇宙中的星系中的Ia超新星——一种遥远而明亮的量天尺，被用于精确测定哈勃常数。

Explanation: Shiny NGC 253, sometimes called the Silver Dollar Galaxy, is one of the brightest spiral galaxies visible - and also one of the dustiest.

明亮的NGC 253，有时候也叫银币星系，是最明亮的可见旋涡星系之一，也是最多尘埃的星系之一。

Our results reconcile and quantify the earlier contradictory findings in the frame that the effect of bar on starburst is associated with the relative far-infrared luminosity and it is detectable only in galaxies with L〓/L〓 larger than 1/3, suggesting that bars translate their host galaxies into the relative IR-luminous group.

我们发现棒的确增强了早型星系中的星暴，但是在晚型星系中没有影响，同时棒的作用是和星系的相对远红外光度相联系的，对不同的L〓/L〓范围，棒的作用会从减弱，到无关，再到增强星暴。

Galaxies, cluster of galaxies, early-type galaxies, late-type galaxies, star formation rate

星系，星系团，早型星系，晚型星系，恒星形成率

We calculate the inclinations of the stellar disks of these galaxies from observational data archives and discuss whether there is a relation between the orientations of the stellar disks and the accretion disks generating masers.

计算得到了这些源的星系盘的倾角，并分析讨论了这些水脉泽源星系盘和脉泽盘的倾角可能存在的相关。统计发现只有大约10%的盘脉泽源的星系盘侧面对着我们的视线。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。