星形细胞

AIM: To observe whether hippocampal astrocyte conditioned medium can induce human adipose-derived adult stromal cells into neuron-like cells in vitro.

目的：观察海马区星形胶质细胞培养上清液能否在体外诱导人脂肪基质细胞向神经元样细胞分化。

In the present study,we intend to establish a new model of traumatic brain-steminjury,and to study the pathological changes of neuron,axon,astrocyte,plasmaproteins,blood vessel endothelia,synapse,neurotransmitter and cytokines in rat'sand human injured brain-stem,using routing histochemistry,immunohistochemistry,in situ hybridization,LSCM and computerized image analysis.

综合现有文献，本研究拟建立新的脑干损伤动物模型，并采用常规病理组化、免疫组化、原位杂交、LSCM以及计算机图像分析等技术，对动物及人体脑干组织中的神经元、星形胶质细胞、血浆蛋白及血管内皮细胞，以及轴索、突触、神经递质及细胞因子等进行研究，并对脑干损伤的致死性病变进行初步定位，以确立对脑干损伤的鉴定和推断脑干损伤时间有意义的客观指标。

Blood-brain barrier, which is formed by a complex system of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, astroglia, pericytes, perivascular macrophages, and a basal lamina, plays an important role in maintaining the normal functions of the central nervous system.

血脑屏障是由脑微血管内皮细胞、星形神经胶质细胞、外膜细胞、血管周围巨噬细胞和基底膜组成的一个复杂系统，对维持中枢神经系统的正常功能非常重要。

ABSTRACT Blood-brain barrier, which is formed by a complex system of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, astroglia, pericytes, perivascular macrophages, and a basal lamina, plays an important role in maintaining the normal functions of the central nervous system.

血脑屏障是由脑微血管内皮细胞、星形神经胶质细胞、外膜细胞、血管周围巨噬细胞和基底膜组成的一个复杂系统，对维持中枢神经系统的正常功能非常重要。

We found that the release of ROS in rat astrocytes was significantly increased by the stimulation of calcium ionophore or opsonized zymosan, which are known to trigger respiration burst in phagocytes by NADPH oxidase pathway. Further study indicated that diphenylene iodonium or apocynin , two inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, significantly suppressed ROS release caused by calcium ionophore or opsonized zvmosan.

我们发现在用吞噬细胞呼吸爆发刺激剂钙离子载体或酵母多糖刺激星形神经胶质细胞时，细胞O〓和H〓O〓产量均明显增加，而NADPH氧化酶的抑制剂二联苯碘(diphenylene iodonium，DPI)或夹竹桃麻素(apocynin，APO)均可以明显地降低刺激剂引起的细胞O〓和H〓O〓产量增加。

In the present study changes of NOS positive cells after injection of LPS and apoptotic ependymal cells, the relationship between expression of immediate early gene c-fos and astrocytes, and comparison of changes between SFO and rest regions of the brain in different time-points were investigated with NADPH-d histochemistry, apoptosis in SITU detection of TUNEL, TEM and SEM, fluorescein double labeling of immunohistochemistry, and laser scanning confocal microscope .

为了证实穹窿下器在脑内免疫调节系统中的作用，在本研究当中，应用了NADPH-d的组化方法、TUNEL末端标记法、扫描及透射电镜方法、免疫组织化学的荧光双标法及激光扫描共聚焦显微镜技术，来研究在腹腔内给予大肠杆菌内毒素后，脑内的一氧化氮合酶细胞的变化、室管膜细胞的凋亡、早期即刻基因c-fos的表达与星形胶质细胞之间的关系，以及穹窿下器与其它脑区相比较时的特异性改变。

RESULTS: The neural stem cells isolated from neonatal rat brains had the potential of serial passage and proliferation, besides, they express neuroepithelial stem cell protein and differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.

诱导分化后的细胞能表达神经元细胞、星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞的特异性蛋白。

Results: nk 4r immunoreactivity was found extensively localized in neuronal somata and neurite of cerebral cortex, and mainy in layer ⅲ,ⅴ. double labeling experiments confirmed that 100% nk 4r immunoreactive neurons co expressed neun, but not gfap.

结果：nk 4r免疫阳性产物在皮层的锥体细胞层分布最多，在皮层内、外颗粒层、多形层也广泛分布，其阳性产物表达于神经元胞体和突起上，免疫荧光双标结果观察到nk 4r与神经元胞核特异性标记物neun共存（100%，146/146，双标细胞数目/nk 4r阳性细胞数目），且不与星形胶质细胞标记物gfap共存。

Results Tag was found in all of 8 ependymomas, 2 choroid plexus papillomas, 2 human glioma cell lines, 90% of pituitary adenomas (9/10), 73% of astrocytomas (11/15), 70% of meningiomas (7/10), 50% of glioblastomas multiforme (4/8), and 33% of medulloblastomas (2/6). None of the 8 normal brain tissues were positive for Tag, nor were 5 oligodendrogliomas and 1 pineocytoma.

结果 Tag在8例室管膜瘤、2例脉络丛乳头状瘤及2株人脑胶质瘤细胞系中全部表达；垂体腺瘤Tag阳性率为90%(9/10)，星形胶质细胞瘤73%(11/15)，脑膜瘤70%(7/10)，多形性胶质母细胞瘤50%(4/8)，髓母细胞瘤33%(2/6)；5例少枝胶质细胞瘤、1例松果体瘤及8例正常人脑组织无Tag表达。

According to the drug density determined by toxicity experiment, astrocyte cell of serial subcultivation was randomly divided into experimental group and control group in cell multiplication experiment.

用流式细胞术测定细胞增殖情况，是将星形胶质细胞接种到细胞培养皿中，按实验要求随机分为对照组和药物组，两药物组中分别加入浓度不同的腰痛定药物血清。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。