星形细胞

In the nervous tissue there are several types of neuroglial cells. In CNS there are chiefly astro

在中枢神经系统十，主要有星形胶质细胞，包括原浆型星形胶质

Methods:Phenobarbital and Valproic acid were added into astrocytes and cultured permanently for 30 days. P-glycoprotein, a product of MDR1, was detected with immunocyto chemistry. Then, 5μg/ml Sibelium was added to resistance cells and nonresistance cells, MTT assay was used to measure reverse multiple and relative reverse efficiency rate.

将苯巴比妥钠和丙戊酸钠分别加入培养的星形胶质细胞内，30天后用免疫细胞化学法检测MDR1的表达产物P-糖蛋白，继之将终浓度为5μg/ml的西比灵分别加入培养的正常细胞及MDR1表达增强的细胞内，用四甲基偶氮唑盐法计算逆转倍数和相对逆转效率，了解西比灵逆转MDR1表达的作用。

Results:A total of 1.4 million cardiocytes can be obtained from one rat and the vital cell was over 90%;Cardiocytes began to adhere and grow after 4～ 6 h,to obviously proliferation after 12～24 h,and to converge together after3～4 days.The cardiocytes showed spherical,fusiform and polygon shape in the visual field of inverted microscope.All cells stretched out parapodium and beated spontaneously and rhythmically.

结果：分离1只乳鼠获得的心肌细胞产量约为140万个，且有活力心肌细胞占90％以上；培养4～6h的乳鼠心肌细胞开始贴壁生长，12～24h明显增殖，3～4 d后细胞融合成片；心肌细胞由圆形变为梭形、星形、多角形，并出现自发性节律性搏动。

The various forms of sclereid include the star-shaped astrosclereid, the rodshaped macrosclereid, and the isodiametric stone cell.

石细胞形态各异，有星形的星状石细胞，杆状的大石细胞，以及等径石细胞等。

Results:(1)NSCs form typical neurospheres under adequate concentration in vitro, which are immunoreactive to Vimentin. Typically and terminally differentiated mature neural cells could not be found without the stimulus of mitogen or only under NSCs self-regulation and self-induction;(2)NSCs derived from hippocampus maintain the character of stem cells much longer with better biological behavior; NSCs passed to the 2-3 passage are the best to graft since they have not differentiated;(3)NSCs cultured in vitro could self-regulate and differentiate into neurospheres and progenitors positively immunoreactive to specific antibodies representing neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells;(4)There are widespread synaptic contacts between various kinds of descendent clones and cells;(5)Neurospheres could be formed without the stimulus of mitogen when NSCs and OECs are cocultured. Many neurospheres and cells immunoreactive to Vimentin, GFAP, MAP2, 02, p75NGFR, GFAP, S-100, Synaptosis, Vimentin, Tau (Tau is only positive in cocultureof HNSCs+HOECs) could be found;(6)The supernatant fluid triturated from adult rat spinal cord stimulates NSCs to differentiate into neurons, but do not terminally differentiate;(7)Fibroblasts and O4 oligodendrocytes are not supported to grow under this culture medium.Part II: Isolation, culture and identification of rat and human olfactory ensheathing cellsOlfactory ensheathing cells/glials are the most powerful cells to enable the regeneration of axons in the central nervous system.

结果表明：①在适宜的浓度体外培养条件下，NSCs能形成典型的神经干细胞克隆球，Vimentin免疫荧光染色阳性，单靠丝裂原刺激或NSCs自我调节和分化诱导，不会产生典型的终末分化的成熟神经细胞；②海马源性的NSCs维持干细胞特性的时间更长，生物学特性更优；③传至第2～3代的NSCs尚未分化时移植最佳；④体外培养的NSCs能自我调控分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞、O2少突胶质细胞、雪旺氏细胞染色阳性克隆球和前体细胞；⑤各种子代克隆球和细胞存在广泛的突触联系；⑥NSCs与OECs联合培养时，不需丝裂原刺激即能形成克隆球，获得大量Vimentin、GFAP、MAP2、O2、p75NGFR、GFAP、S-100、Synaptosis、Vimentin、Tau(Tau只有人HNSCs+HOECs联合培养时出现阳染)染色阳性的克隆球和细胞；⑦脊髓研磨后的上清液刺激神经干细胞向神经元方向分化，但并不出现终末分化；⑧本研究培养条件不利于成纤维细胞、O4生长。

Cyte including protoplasmic astrocyte and fibrous astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, microglia, and epen

细胞和纤维型星形胶质细胞，少突胶质细胞、小胶质细胞和室管膜细胞；在周围神经系统中

Results Most OECs were bipolar or tripolar, and the purity was estimated to be over 88.7%. The non-OECs cells consists of astrocytes, neurons, oligodendrocytes and fibroblas.

结果 体外培养的新生小鼠嗅鞘细胞主要为双极或三极细胞，其纯度可以达到88.7%以上，污染细胞中有星形胶质细胞、神经元、少突胶质细胞和成纤维细胞。

Human hair keratin ; spinal cord injury ; rat ; tissue engineering ; tissue-engineered spinal cord ; connector ; morphology ; praxiology ; neuron ; axis-cylinder ; nerve fiber ; myelin sheath ; astrocyte ; oligodendrocyte ; microglia ; ependymal cell ; neural stem cells ; macrophage ; multinuclear giant cell ; lysosomal enzyme ; ubiquitin system ; suppression subtractive hybridization ; gene express ; CytohromeoxidaseⅢ; amino acid transporter system A2（Ata2）; Peroxiredoxins 5（prd 5）; cysteine proteinase inhibitor cystatin c

国家自然科学基金；广东省自然科学基金人发角蛋白；脊髓损伤；大鼠；组织工程学；组织工程化脊髓；桥接物；形态学；行为学；神经元；轴突；神经纤维；髓鞘；星形胶质细胞；少突胶质细胞；小胶质细胞；室管膜细胞；神经干细胞；巨噬细胞；多核巨细胞；溶酶体酶；泛素肽酶系；抑制消减杂交；基因表达；细胞色素氧化酶Ⅲ；氨基酸转运蛋白系统A2；抗过氧化物蛋白5；半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂

On the other hand, previously differentiated neuron and astrocyte may also re-express nestin, which may indicate the recovery and plasticity of neuron and astrocyte.

另一方面，已分化的神经元和星形胶质细胞再表达胚胎期蛋白nestin，可能有利于神经元和星形胶质细胞修复。

GFAP+ astrocytes hhd no changes and there were no VIM+ astrocytes surrounding wounds in postmortem groups.

死后脑干损伤组GFAP+星形胶质细胞无改变，创缘及创周无VIM+星形胶质细胞出现。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。