星形神经胶质

AIM: Astrocyte not only plays an important role in central nerve function, but also has inuhiple effects on functional recombination and recovery after nerve injury.

目的：星形胶质细胞不仅在中枢神经功能中起重要作用，对神经损伤后的功能重组和修复也有多方面影响。

Results Postoperative pathological diagnosis showed 13 ependymomas, 2 astrocytomas, 2 oligodendroglioma, 2 lipoma, 1 myeloma, 1 keratose, 1 metastatic tumor, 1 angeioma, and 1 neurinoma.24 cases were treated by surgeon.

结果 病理证实室管膜瘤13例，星形细胞瘤2例，少枝胶质细胞瘤2例，脂肪瘤2例，骨髓瘤、转移瘤、血管瘤、角化物、神经鞘瘤各1例。24例行手术治疗。

In the present study,we intend to establish a new model of traumatic brain-steminjury,and to study the pathological changes of neuron,axon,astrocyte,plasmaproteins,blood vessel endothelia,synapse,neurotransmitter and cytokines in rat'sand human injured brain-stem,using routing histochemistry,immunohistochemistry,in situ hybridization,LSCM and computerized image analysis.

综合现有文献，本研究拟建立新的脑干损伤动物模型，并采用常规病理组化、免疫组化、原位杂交、LSCM以及计算机图像分析等技术，对动物及人体脑干组织中的神经元、星形胶质细胞、血浆蛋白及血管内皮细胞，以及轴索、突触、神经递质及细胞因子等进行研究，并对脑干损伤的致死性病变进行初步定位，以确立对脑干损伤的鉴定和推断脑干损伤时间有意义的客观指标。

Neural stem cells are capable of both self-renewal and differentiation into neurons and glial cells.

神经干细胞具有分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞的能力。

Neural stem cells are operationally defined as mitotically competent, self-renewing, and multipotent cells able to differentiate along three main cell lineages in the early neurogenesis (i.e., neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes).

神经干细胞(neural stem cells，NSCs)广泛存在于胚胎脑组织中，也存在于成年哺乳动物的神经系统。NSCs具有自我更新能力，能够定向分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞。

Neurovascular unit was an integral one that consisted of neuron,vascular endothelial cells,et al.

神经血管单元是指由神经细胞、血管内皮细胞、星形胶质细胞及其周围的细胞外基质组成的一个整体。

In the experimental study section, the rats were divided into four groups, including the normal control, the model, the Piracetam, the QPC, and copied to AD model. After the treatment, we observed the effects on the AD rats' ability of leaning and memorizing, detecting the TChE activity in whole blood and the expression levels of the related biochemical indicators of As includeing GFAP、NGF and BDNF of the AD rats' brain hippocampus, then compared the QPC with other groups to reveal the mechanism of action of the QPC treating AD to bright.

在动物实验部分，我们通过塑造AD动物模型，设立正常对照组、模型组、脑复康组和强脾益智胶囊组，观察强脾益智胶囊对AD模型大鼠空间学习记忆能力的影响，检测AD大鼠全血、海马匀浆液中乙酰胆碱酯酶活性和通过免疫组化的方法检测胶质纤维酸性蛋白、神经生长因子、和脑源性神经营养因子的表达情况来反映星形胶质细胞的增值情况，以期揭示强脾益智胶囊对AD的治疗作用机理。

Human hair keratin ; spinal cord injury ; rat ; tissue engineering ; tissue-engineered spinal cord ; connector ; morphology ; praxiology ; neuron ; axis-cylinder ; nerve fiber ; myelin sheath ; astrocyte ; oligodendrocyte ; microglia ; ependymal cell ; neural stem cells ; macrophage ; multinuclear giant cell ; lysosomal enzyme ; ubiquitin system ; suppression subtractive hybridization ; gene express ; CytohromeoxidaseⅢ; amino acid transporter system A2（Ata2）; Peroxiredoxins 5（prd 5）; cysteine proteinase inhibitor cystatin c

国家自然科学基金；广东省自然科学基金人发角蛋白；脊髓损伤；大鼠；组织工程学；组织工程化脊髓；桥接物；形态学；行为学；神经元；轴突；神经纤维；髓鞘；星形胶质细胞；少突胶质细胞；小胶质细胞；室管膜细胞；神经干细胞；巨噬细胞；多核巨细胞；溶酶体酶；泛素肽酶系；抑制消减杂交；基因表达；细胞色素氧化酶Ⅲ；氨基酸转运蛋白系统A2；抗过氧化物蛋白5；半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂

After treated in 4% paraformaldehyde,we applied Hematoxylin-Eosin and Nissl staining to exhibit the structure of the retinae and ganglion cells respectively,and also we used immunohistochemical ABC method to display the distribution of GFAP-immunoreactive cells that were specifically classified as the astrocytes.

E 染色以显示视网膜结构，Nissl染色显示神经节细胞，免疫组织化学ABC法染色以显示星形胶质细胞特征性标志物胶质纤维酸性蛋白的阳性反应细胞的分布。

NGF and BDNF reduced differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes, andincreased into oligodendrocytes in co-culture and two-chamber sharedmedium assay.

NGF或BDNF在不同的共培养体系中，可以起到减少神经干细胞向星形胶质细胞分化，增加少突胶质细胞分化的作用，而对神经元的分化没有影响。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。