星形神经胶质

The GFAP is a specific marker of astrocyte, its expression is more higher in the activity astrocyte, and finally the GFAP become the main composition of scar formations. The S -100 is a kind of acidity, dissolubilites, low molecular quantity and calcium hydronium conjugated protein, and it is mainly existed in neuroglial cell and schwann cell. It can promote the growth of axon, glial hyper-plasia and nerve divide and calcium's stability inside of cell, thus regulatin g the shape and metabolism of astrocyte . The quantity of S -100 protein and the degree of ischemia have direct proportion .

胶质纤维酸性蛋白是星形胶质细胞的特异性标记物，在活性星形胶质细胞中GFAP的表达相对更高，且最后GFAP成为胶质疤痕的主要成份。S-100蛋白是一种酸性、可溶性、低分子量的钙离子结合蛋白，主要存在于胶质细胞和雪旺细胞中，它可促进轴突生长、胶质增生、神经分化和细胞内钙的稳定，从而调节星形胶质细胞的形态和代谢。S-100蛋白与缺血的程度是成正比的。

Neurology of or relating to or containing large star-shaped cells in the neuroglia.

在神经胶质里属于、有关或包含巨大星形细胞。

Results:(1)NSCs form typical neurospheres under adequate concentration in vitro, which are immunoreactive to Vimentin. Typically and terminally differentiated mature neural cells could not be found without the stimulus of mitogen or only under NSCs self-regulation and self-induction;(2)NSCs derived from hippocampus maintain the character of stem cells much longer with better biological behavior; NSCs passed to the 2-3 passage are the best to graft since they have not differentiated;(3)NSCs cultured in vitro could self-regulate and differentiate into neurospheres and progenitors positively immunoreactive to specific antibodies representing neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells;(4)There are widespread synaptic contacts between various kinds of descendent clones and cells;(5)Neurospheres could be formed without the stimulus of mitogen when NSCs and OECs are cocultured. Many neurospheres and cells immunoreactive to Vimentin, GFAP, MAP2, 02, p75NGFR, GFAP, S-100, Synaptosis, Vimentin, Tau (Tau is only positive in cocultureof HNSCs+HOECs) could be found;(6)The supernatant fluid triturated from adult rat spinal cord stimulates NSCs to differentiate into neurons, but do not terminally differentiate;(7)Fibroblasts and O4 oligodendrocytes are not supported to grow under this culture medium.Part II: Isolation, culture and identification of rat and human olfactory ensheathing cellsOlfactory ensheathing cells/glials are the most powerful cells to enable the regeneration of axons in the central nervous system.

结果表明：①在适宜的浓度体外培养条件下，NSCs能形成典型的神经干细胞克隆球，Vimentin免疫荧光染色阳性，单靠丝裂原刺激或NSCs自我调节和分化诱导，不会产生典型的终末分化的成熟神经细胞；②海马源性的NSCs维持干细胞特性的时间更长，生物学特性更优；③传至第2～3代的NSCs尚未分化时移植最佳；④体外培养的NSCs能自我调控分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞、O2少突胶质细胞、雪旺氏细胞染色阳性克隆球和前体细胞；⑤各种子代克隆球和细胞存在广泛的突触联系；⑥NSCs与OECs联合培养时，不需丝裂原刺激即能形成克隆球，获得大量Vimentin、GFAP、MAP2、O2、p75NGFR、GFAP、S-100、Synaptosis、Vimentin、Tau(Tau只有人HNSCs+HOECs联合培养时出现阳染)染色阳性的克隆球和细胞；⑦脊髓研磨后的上清液刺激神经干细胞向神经元方向分化，但并不出现终末分化；⑧本研究培养条件不利于成纤维细胞、O4生长。

Objective: To observe the quantitative and morphological changes of astrocytes in nucleus of solitary tract after vagus nerve stimulation.

目的：观察颈部迷走神经千刺激后孤束核内星形胶质细胞数量、形态的改变，同时在电镜水平观察星形胶质细胞与神经元之间突触形态、数量的变化，从胶质细胞的角度阐明VNS治疗神经精神疾病的重要机制。

It has been found that ectogenic GDNF has nervous protective effec,but ectogenic GDNF cannot enter blood brain barrier.

传统观点认为，星形胶质细胞是神经系统的支持细胞，构成神经组织的网架而起支持作用，与神经元的解剖位置关系紧密，参与中枢神经系统的免疫反应，参与构成血脑屏障，目前研究发现，脑缺血时星形胶质细胞异常活跃，通过合成多种蛋白质、细胞因子和神经营养因子等对神经元起保护作用，对缺血性脑损伤的发展和转归具有重要意义。

Results: ApoD was observed positively expressed in type2 astrocytes and oligodendrocytes from O2A lineage, while it was not expressed in type1 astrocytes from T1A lineage. Accordingly, we can verify the phenomenon found in the study of T1A and T2A gene different expression profile that ApoD mRNA was highly expressed in T2A and lowly expressed in T1A. Conclusion: It can be concluded that lipid metabolism related genes such as ApoD play important roles in the generation and differentiation of O2A lineage, which closely correlate with internal mechanism of lipid metabolism in the brain and myelogenesis.［Key words］astrocyte(T1A, T2A); oligodendrocyte; O2A lineage; apolipoproteinApoD

我们已采用基因芯片技术在mRNA水平研究两型星形胶质细胞的基因表达谱差异，发现ApoD在2型星形胶质细胞中差异高表达，故本文拟用激光共聚焦双重免疫荧光标记技术进一步在蛋白质水平观察ApoD在体外分化成熟的两型星形胶质细胞以及少突胶质细胞中的表达情况，以期为我们深入研究ApoD等脂代谢相关基因在脑内脂质代谢和神经髓鞘发育机制中所起的作用提供有用的实验依据，依此探讨胶质细胞发生和分化的信号机制。

The brain of a vertebrate.A star-shaped cell, especially a neuroglial cell of nervous tissue.

星形细胞一种星状细胞，尤指神经组织的神经胶质细胞

A star-shaped cell, especially a neuroglial cell of nervous tissue.

星形细胞一种星状细胞，尤指神经组织的神经胶质细胞

Results: the findings on ct and mri were as follows: 57 cases of oligodendroglioma, 15 cases of ganglioglioma , 5 cases of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor , 3 cases of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma .conclusion:the images on ct and mri of cerebra peripheral tumor occur some characters , so ct and mri were certain worth on the diagnose and differentiate diagnose of cerebra peripheral tumor.

结果：少枝胶质瘤47例，间变性少枝胶质瘤10例，节细胞胶质瘤15例，胚胎发育不良性神经上皮瘤5例，多形黄色细胞瘤3例。结论：脑浅表肿瘤存在影像特征，ct及mri对其诊断有一定的价值。少枝胶质细胞瘤；节细胞肿瘤；胚胎发育不良性神经上皮瘤；多形性黄色星形细胞瘤；ct；mri

Rasagiline as an adjunct to levodopa in patients with Parkinson＇s disease and motor fluctuations （LARGO, Lasting effect in Adjunct therapy with Rasagiline Given Once daily, study）: A randomised, double-blind, parallel-group trial, Incidence of neural tube defects in the leastdeveloped area of India: A population-based study,Long-term efficacy of early versus delayed radiotherapy for low-grade astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma in adults: The EORTC 22845 randomised trial

文章摘要：雷沙吉兰作为左旋多巴的辅助用药治疗帕金森病和运动波动患者（LARGO研究。雷沙吉兰每日1次辅助治疗的持久影响）：一项随机、双盲、平行分组试验，神经管缺陷在印度最不发达地区的发病率：一项基于人群的研究，早期和晚期放疗对成人低分级星形细胞瘤和少突神经胶质细胞瘤的长期疗效：EORTC22845随机试验

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。