星形神经胶质

Within these two neurogenic niches, specialized astrocytes are neural stem cells, capable of self-renewing and generating neurons and glia.

在这两个神经发生的微环境中，神经干细胞可分化为特定的星形胶质细胞，能够自我更新并产生神经元和神经胶质。

Objective To investigate the response of neurons and astrocytesfrom Sprague Dawley rat brain against tert-buty1 hydroperoxide toxicity,both separately and in cooperation, for the purpose of exploring the interrelation of the two kinds of cells.

目的研究混合培养脑神经元与星形神经胶质细胞对活性氧叔丁基脂氢过氧化物的应激性，以探讨神经元与星形神经胶质细胞的相互作用。

Iron in the form of ferritin is highly toxic and may cause neural death and reactive gliosis. Astrocytes and microglia are responsible for uptake of excessive CSF iron in superficial siderosis.

星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞可摄取脑脊液中过多的铁，而铁蛋白中铁的毒性又可导致神经元坏死和反应性神经胶质增生。

Blood-brain barrier, which is formed by a complex system of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, astroglia, pericytes, perivascular macrophages, and a basal lamina, plays an important role in maintaining the normal functions of the central nervous system.

血脑屏障是由脑微血管内皮细胞、星形神经胶质细胞、外膜细胞、血管周围巨噬细胞和基底膜组成的一个复杂系统，对维持中枢神经系统的正常功能非常重要。

ABSTRACT Blood-brain barrier, which is formed by a complex system of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, astroglia, pericytes, perivascular macrophages, and a basal lamina, plays an important role in maintaining the normal functions of the central nervous system.

血脑屏障是由脑微血管内皮细胞、星形神经胶质细胞、外膜细胞、血管周围巨噬细胞和基底膜组成的一个复杂系统，对维持中枢神经系统的正常功能非常重要。

We found that the release of ROS in rat astrocytes was significantly increased by the stimulation of calcium ionophore or opsonized zymosan, which are known to trigger respiration burst in phagocytes by NADPH oxidase pathway. Further study indicated that diphenylene iodonium or apocynin , two inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, significantly suppressed ROS release caused by calcium ionophore or opsonized zvmosan.

我们发现在用吞噬细胞呼吸爆发刺激剂钙离子载体或酵母多糖刺激星形神经胶质细胞时，细胞O〓和H〓O〓产量均明显增加，而NADPH氧化酶的抑制剂二联苯碘(diphenylene iodonium，DPI)或夹竹桃麻素(apocynin，APO)均可以明显地降低刺激剂引起的细胞O〓和H〓O〓产量增加。

In addition, the inventive compounds can reduce the inflammatory component of diseases that affect the nervous system, for example, by reducing activation of the microglia and/or astrocytes and/or by reducing reactive gliosis.

另外，根据本发明的化合物特别通过减少小胶质细胞和/或星形细胞的活化和/或通过减少反应性的神经胶质增生而能够减少影响神经系统的疾病的炎性物质。

Postoperative pathological results revealed that 79 cases (86.8%) were low-grade gliomas, 4 cavernous hemangiomas, 4 anaplastic astrocytomas, 2 gliosis, 1 arteriovenous malformation, and 1 gliosarcoma.

术后病理结果示低级别胶质瘤79例(86.8%)，海绵状血管瘤4例，间变性星形细胞瘤4例，神经胶质增生2例，动静脉畸形1例，胶质肉瘤1例。

Neuroglial cells (oligodendrocytes and astrocytes) play a very important role in establishment and maintenance of normal neuronal functions and formation of neurological diseases.

神经胶质细胞（主要是少突胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞）对于正常神经系统功能的建立和维持及神经系统疾病的产生都起着至关重要的作用。传统观念认为大脑功能的唯一发挥者是神经元。

TCM may modulate the glial cells through the following mechanisms: inhibiting expression of iNOS, thereby minishing the toxicity of NO and its oxygen free radicals; inhibiting overactivation of astrocytes and overexpression of GFAP in acute cerebral ischemia and cerebral hemorrhage; promoting glial cells' secretion of NGF which can be caused by ischemic injury; inhibiting the nervous system's immune inflammatory response; and so on.

中药调节神经胶质细胞活性的机制可能包括：（1）抑制iNOS表达，从而抑制NO及其产生的氧自由基的毒性；（2 抑制脑缺血和脑出血急性期星形胶质细胞的过度活化和GFAP的过度表达；(3)上调缺血损伤导致的神经胶质细胞分泌NGF；(4)抑制神经系统的免疫炎症反应等各种途径。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。