昆虫类

The microspore was more like a tetrahedron, whilethe polar was more like a triangle. The number of microspore in every anther wasbetween 2600～3600, so the amount of pollen was quite large that it was propitiousto spread and pollination. P/O was 8088 and the breed system was singleheterosexual copulatoryb. The viability of pollen was normally above 50%. The testof pollen culture showed that the viability of pollen was up to the tiptop under thehigher temperature and lower humidity (38℃,40%),while it was weakest under thelower temperature and lower humidity (16℃,40%).The OCI is 4, and the breedsystem was belong to autocopulation. If it was heterosexual copulatory, there must beintermediums for pollination. It was recorded there were more than 40 species ofinsects on the anthotaxy or followers of Malania Oleifera. Under different weather,different living environments and different plants the frequency and rush hour of theinsects to visit the followers were different. Actions of different kinds of insect werealso different. According to the results of the observation, the form of fluid and seedof Malania Oleifera mostly rely on the action of insect pollination, especially thebees.

蒜头果的花序为聚伞形花序，有小花8～10朵，小花较小；按花粉大小等级划分，蒜头果的花粉粒属于小的范围；花粉粒呈近四面体，极面为近三角形：每粒花药所含的花粉粒在2600～3600粒之间，花粉量较大，有利于花粉的传播和授粉；胚珠比值为8088，繁育系统为专性异交类型；花粉生活力一般在50％以上；在不同温度湿度条件下测得蒜头果花粉的生活力在高温低湿(38℃，40％)的条件下最高，在低温低湿(16℃，40％)的条件下最低；杂交指数值为4，繁育系统自交亲和，异交，需要传粉者；记录到的访花昆虫有40余种，访花昆虫的访花频率及高峰时间不同，不同种类的昆虫的访花行为也是各有所异；从观察的结果看，蒜头果的种实的形成大多数依赖于传粉昆虫的活动，其中主要是蜂类。

In order to provide an scientific basis and technology support to local agricultural by–products export quarantine, an investigation was carried out on the species of stored insects of export agricultural by–products from 2003 to 2005 in the region. The quarantine significance of different stored insects and the insect community structure characteristics of five stored export products were analyzed, besides, a study was conducted on the ecology of Dermestes maculatus Degeer in the laboratory. The main results were as follows. 1. The ordinary and systematic measures were used to investigate stored insect species on export products, such as Willow, Brush, Feather, Leather, Woodwork, grain, coconut funicle, lotus leaf etc., in the finished product, transferring, material reserve and processing storages of the export industries.

为了给该地区农副产品的出口检疫提供科学依据和技术支持，笔者于2003-2005年对江苏沿江地区各类出口农副产品检疫场所的仓储昆虫种类进行了调查，分析了各种仓储昆虫的检疫重要性以及5类出口农副产品仓储昆虫的群落特征，并对重要仓储害虫白腹皮蠹的生态学特性进行了研究，现将结果总结如下： 1、2003-2005年通过对江苏沿江地区的草柳藤制品、笔刷制品、羽绒制品、皮革制品、木制品、粮饲库存点、椰壳纤维、荷叶加工厂等出口企业的成品储藏库、中转库、原料储备库、加工车间等检疫场所的昆虫种类进行了普查和系统调查，共采集标本1800余件，从中鉴定出130种仓储动物，隶属2纲、9目、51科，其中害虫6目、40科、105种，益虫5目、10科、25种；此外，还发现2中国新记录种，即阔鼻谷象Caulophilus oryzae和黑斑豆象Bruchus dentipes。

Of or belonging to the insect order Hemiptera, which includes the true bugs of the suborder Heteroptera and their allies of the suborder Homoptera, characterized by piercing or sucking mouthparts and two pairs of wings.

半翅目的半翅目昆虫的，这类昆虫包括异翅亚目昆虫及同翅亚目昆虫，其特征是具有锐利或吮吸的口器，有两对翅膀

An insect of the order Hymenoptera,including the bees,wasps,and ant s,often living in complex social groups and characteristically having two pairs of membranous wings.

膜翅类昆虫膜翅类的任何一种昆虫，包括蜜蜂、马蜂、蚂蚁，经常有复杂的社会群体有两对膜翅是这类动物的特点

On the other hand,there has been so far no mapping method and software that can be used to map dominant-recessive markers obtained from F2 population of lepidopteran species.To resolve this problem,two-point and three-point maximum likelihood methods for mapping dominant-recessive markers using F2 population of this type of species were developed in this paper.At,the same time:we also gave a general method for constructing the gene linkage map of this type of species using F2 population.

另外，目前还没有任何方法和软件可以用杂交F2群体来作图鳞翅目类昆虫，如家蚕等连锁图谱，为了解决这一问题，本文发展了用F2群体作图这类昆虫连锁图谱的两点和三点极大似然法，同时还给出了大群体作图形态基因连锁图谱的一般方法。

The paper studies mostly: the community structure of Orthoptera, fauna analysis, species diversity, similarity of insect community in different habitats, the analysis of ecological species group, and the origin and evolution of insect and plant community in Daqinggou Nature Reserve.

主要内容包括：直翅目昆虫群落的结构、区系组成、以及物种多样性，不同生境中昆虫群落的相似性分析，昆虫生态种组的聚类分析，最后讨论了大青沟直翅目昆虫的区系起源演化和大青沟植物群落的起源问题。

Using the principle and methods of Cladistics to systematically study the comparative and evolutionary morphology of sawfly larvae of Hymenoptera; to reconstruct the phylogeny of sawflies and to probe on the co- evolution between sawflies and their host plants; further more to collect enemies of some important sawfly pests.

应用支序系统学原理和方法，系统深入地研究膜翅目叶蜂类幼期比较和进化形态学，推断和重建叶蜂系统演化关系，探讨叶蜂类昆虫与寄主植物之间协同进化关系，初步筛选重要叶蜂害虫的天敌昆虫。

With the methods of systematic and random sampling, more than 2000 specimens were collected in 7 kinds of habitat, belonging to 3 superfamilies, 11 families, 30 genera and 48 species. Of the collected specimens, grasshopper has the most species accounting for 62.5% of the total species.

采用系统取样和随机取样相结合的方法调查了7种生境中直翅目昆虫的种类和数量，共采集到昆虫48种，标本2000余号，其中蝗虫类30种，蚱类6种，螽斯类12种，隶属于3总科，11科，30属。

According to the distribution of species and amount, the author makes a PCA analysis to the different habitats. The analysis of hierarchical cluster to different habitat is according to the distribution of species. According to the results of the two ways of analysis and the factual condition of environment, the environment of Daqinggou is divided into 3 types of habitat that are described as the hygric plant community in the bottom of ditch, xerophytic plant community in the top of ditch and single type plant community.

以直翅目昆虫种类和数量的分布为属性对不同生境作PCA分析并以直翅目昆虫种类分布为属性作等级聚类分析，两种分析方法所得结果十分相似，结合分析结果和实际情况将大青沟7种不同生境分为3类，分别命名为沟底湿生植物群落，包括水曲柳植物群落、湖边湿地植物群落和稻田植物群落；沟上干早植物群落，包括沙丘草地和大果榆植物群落；单一型植物群落，包括人工针叶林植物群落和蒙古栋植物群落。

Animal species is also very rich, vertebrate animals, with a total of 1552 kinds of Insecta, including 38 mammals, 217 kinds of birds, 36 species of reptiles, amphibians, 16 species of fish 25 species, 1220 kinds of insects.

动物种类也很丰富，脊椎动物与昆虫纲动物共有1552种，其中兽类38种，鸟类217种，爬行类36种，两栖类16种，鱼类25种，昆虫1220种。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。