时间空间的

It separated 3-D space, 2-D space, temporal space and abstract space (focused on the first 3). 3-D space/2-D space belong to the same category in syntactic model; but 2-D space/ temporal space /abstract space share the same category when we talked about how to confirm the spatial direction. 2. It investigated a spatial system proposed by Mr. Qi Huyang, and argued that there is necessity to modify this system. 3. It enumerated a series of grammatical forms which are involved in the "Spatial System", and pointed out that there exits a relation among these forms: words representing "Spatial and Locative"→ phrases representing "Spatial and Locative"→ sentences representing "Spatial and Locative".

第三章研究"空间系统"的子系统。1、分出立体空间、线性空间、时间和抽象空间几大领域，在句法上，立体空间/线性空间是一类；但在如何确定方向场的问题上，线性空间/时间/抽象空间是一类。2、省视了齐沪扬先生已提出的一个空间系统体系，指出很有改进的必要。3、归纳了"空间系统"所涉及的各种语法形式，并指出它们构成"表示空间方位意义的词→表示空间方位意义的短语→表示空间方位意义的句子"的层次关系。4、辨析各种语法形式的语义域及其语义结构，并考察语法意义与语法形式的对应情况。

The thinkers of the Lunyu School fully expressed their persistence of individualism and their reconsideration in literary modernity Yet the persistence and escape existed side by side, this mode of behavior and thinking indicated that the self-subject of the modern scholars was illusive and was hard to carry on when the modern scholars were covered by the powerful tradition and deeply controlled by modernity's consciousness of time Chapter Two Reconsidering on the character of modernity with leisure ampleness, resisting the human alienation caused by modern materialism and mechanism with humor, reaffirming the space of self-expression, which formed the humor, the leisure, the modern, and the aesthetic spirit implication of Lunyu School But the modern scholar's powerful inclining to the tradition made Lunyu School's aestheticism draw close to live in seclusion And its aesthetic modernity is also discounted for that reason Chapter Three It is the emotion and the leisure manner owning by the middle aged people that help to bring about Lunyu School's essay's adjusting in main key and moving massively in theme Lunyu School changed the way for "gaining the experience of life"in the twenties'prose It went from highly enthusiastic writings to reserved life-concerning and recite with appreciation in everyday life

第一章 三十年代左翼文学以其"新"、"进步"和"时代性"确立了自己的合理性地位，而时代思潮的转换、文艺与政治的日益密切使五四自由知识分子所坚持的个人主义成了"落伍""颓废"的表征。论语派自由思想者充分表达了对个人主义的执着、对文学现代性的反思，但坚持与逃逸并存的行为与思维模式表明现代士子在忧生伤世的强大传统笼罩下和一往无前的现代性时间意识的深刻控制下，个人主体的难以为继和虚幻性。第二章以闲适的余裕对奔竞躁进、汲汲功利、一往无前的现代性特征进行反思，以幽默对抗现代物质主义机械主义对人灵智的异化，重申自我表现的空间，构成论语派幽默闲适的现代性审美精神内涵。但现代文人对于传统的强大趋同力，则使论语派审美主义向隐逸文化靠拢，其审美现代性由此大打折扣。第三章中年情感与闲适气度直接促成论语派散文基调上的调整及主题的大幅横移，在趣味、游戏、幽默、闲适中改变了二十年代散文"问世"的径路，从意兴湍飞的激扬文字走向了沉潜适世的生命关怀与日常人生的吟味与咀嚼。

The main work and the originality points of this dissertation could be concluded as the following parts:(1) To analyze systematically the mathematical model of LES of air flow in great space, under the case of isothermal and non-isothermal, as well as the combined action of buoyancy and strain. Some basic problems are studied about the LES application into airflow simulation of great space, such as boundary conditions, spatial difference scheme and time advancing scheme, time step etc., which creates the basis for the LES application to indoor airflow simulation.(2) Both the instantaneous and time averaged flow field of great space with multiple jets under isothermal and non-isothermal cases are explored with large eddy simulation method, and also discussed the dynamic characteristics and the law of fluidflow in the great space.(3) Based on the results of LES of the great space and the Fanger thermal comfort indexes, it is brought forward the concept of the series of dynamic thermal comfort evaluating indexes, which could be divided into thermal comfort index with time averaged properties PD, PPD, PMV, thermal comfort index with instantaneous properties IPD, IPPD, IPMV, and time averaged thermal comfort indexes TAPD, TAPPD, TAPMV, and transient situations time averaged thermal comfort indexes TTAPD, TTAPPD, TTAPMV. The differences among them and the calculation methods are discussed, and the four kinds of indexes are calculated with the thermal comfort index PD as an example.(4) Based on the LES results it is discussed the hot air stratification phenomena in air-conditioned buildings in the case with air supply and return registers on the ceiling and the case on the sidewall. The fundamentals of the hot air stratification are studied and the relations of estimating hot air stratification are brought forward.(5) With the advanced apparatus such as hot wire film anemometer IFA300 and laser particle field anemoscope, corresponding model test and site measurements have been done, which are compared with the simulation results and LES is proved a very promising method in air flow simulation indoor.

本文主要工作既创新点体现在以下几个方面：(1)系统分析了等温、非等温和考虑剪切力与浮升力综合作用的高大空间大涡模拟数学模型，并研究了高大空间大涡模拟在室内气流仿真应用中的一些基本问题，如边界条件、空间离散格式和时间推进格式、时间步长选择等问题，为大涡模拟在室内气流计算中的广泛应用打下了基础；(2)首次用大涡模拟方法研究了高雷诺数下高大空间多射流在等温、非等温情况下的瞬时流场和时均流场分布，并探讨了多射流流场的动态特性和流动规律；(3)基于大涡模拟的动态仿真结果和Fanger的热舒适指标，首次系统地提出了动态热舒适评价指标体系的概念：即基于时间平均参数的热舒适指标PD、PPD、PMV；基于瞬时参数的瞬时热指标IPD、IPPD、IPMV；基于时间平均热舒适指标TAPD、TAPPD、TAPMV；以及沿行动迹线的时间平均热舒适指标TTAPD、TTAPPD、TTAPMV，并分析了四类热舒适指标的差异性和计算方法，还以PD值为例对四类指标分别进行了计算；(4)基于数十种工况下空调房间大涡模拟的结果，研究了空调建筑上送上回和侧送侧回两种情况下热分层现象，并探讨了热分层的基本规律，首次提出了避免热分层现象的判断公式；(5)在暖通空调领域，首次使用IFA300热线风速仪、激光粒子速度场仪等先进设备，完成了与大涡模拟相对应的模型试验，并把实测结果与仿真结果进行了对比，说明LES在室内气流仿真方面是一种很有前景的方法。

Lessing believes that painting uses"natural symbol"which appositely exist to portray object that exist in the space, it is space-art, follow the space rule, pursue beauty; poetry by means of languages, letters that sequential in time to imitate matter that happening in time, follow time rule, pursue truth.

莱辛认为，画采用在空间中并列存在的"自然符号"描绘在空间中存在的物体，是空间艺术，受空间规律支配，追求美；而诗则借助在时间中先后承续的语言、文字来模仿同样也是在时间中先后承续的事件，因此是时间艺术，受时间规律支配，追求真。

This project also obtained several limit theorems for some important dependent random variables and stochastic processes, such as the Strassen law of the iterated logarithm for negatively dependent random variables, strong limit theorems for mixing random vectors in Banach spaces, sample path properties for two-parameter fractional Wiener processes, and so on.

随机环境中的随机变量与随机过程的研究在国内外相当活跃，本项目主要研究它们的极限性质，着重研究了随机风景中随机变量与随机过程的极限性质，主要取得了以下几个结果：首先对简单对称的Kesten-Spitzer随机游动在低阶矩的条件下给出了强逼近，大大减弱了前人要求任意阶矩的条件，然后对独立风景中的一般随机变量给出了强逼近的一般性结果，由此导出在风景和随机变量都只具有低阶矩的条件下的独立但不同分布、混合相依变量的强逼近，在只有弱高于二阶矩的条件下得到了重相对数律和弱收敛；给出了连续时间参数的Brown风景中Brown运动和稳定风景中稳定过程的滞后增量和连续模等精确样本轨道性质；同时给出了一些重要的相依随机变量和过程的若干极限定理，如负相关随机变量的Strassen重对数律、抽象空间上混合相依变量的一些强极限定理成立的充分必要条件、两参数分数Wiener过程的样本轨道性质等。

The result shows that: with the expansion of teacher education space, the reform and development of Chinese teacher education is much closer or equal to that of the international teacher education. The transitional stage and education reform in China puts forward a new demand for P. E. talents. The innovation as to education object, specification and curriculum arrangement raised in P. E. Curriculum Arrangement for Chinese Universities with four-year Program published in 2003 meets such a demand, and narrows the gap of education development in high P. E. academy between China and foreign countries. P. E. teachers abroad are usually cultivated by comprehensive universities, the cultivating objectives are verified, and generalists adapted to social development are emphasized. Cultivating mode abroad are various, with "open-type" or "non-directional type" as the main mode, and 4-year program, 5-year program, and 3-year program serve as the main form of education system. Curriculum arrangement abroad stresses general education, with foundationalization, normalization, objectification, optionalization, miniaturization, internationalization and syntheticalization as its characteristics and it employs credit system. The close-typed cultivating mode of P. E. academies in China should be gradually transformed into open-type or multi-type, cultivating generalists instead of specialists, and further constructing a new one with several cultivating types co-existing. Orientation of P.E. teachers in China should follow standard principle, coordination principle, experience principle and resource principle. To improve P.E teacher education in China, the following measures can be taken: relevant laws and regulations should be made for orientation; P.E teachers" training organization should be encouraged to participate in orientation; extension and connotation of P.E. teacher education should be expanded; resources should be optimize; systematic P.E. teachers" orientations should be organized;"Life P.E. Teacher Qualification "should be changed; useful-life should be set for P. E. teacher qualification; P.E. teacher qualification should be regularly authenticated; On-job training of P. E. teachers abroad tends to be systematic, but in China P.E. teachers" on-job training and prevocational training are separated; therefore measures must be taken to change this circumstance and thus speed up the systematic process. Factors concerning constructing a new system of P. E teachers are the following: reconstructing resources, making P.E. teachers" cultivation, orientation and training systematic, establishing a mechanism for encouragement and punishment, making school-based training and college training systematic, and setting up a mechanism combining directional training with non-directional training.

研究结果表明：随着教师教育革新空间的拓展，我国体育教师教育的改革与发展水平逐步与国际体育教师教育发展趋于接轨化。2003年颁布的《全国普通高校体育教育本科专业课程方案》在培养目标和规格、课程设置上的创新性，适应了我国社会转型和教育改革对体育教育专业人才的需求，进一步缩小了与国外高等体育院系教育发展的差距；国外体育教师一般由综合性大学或文理多科性大学培养，培养目标多向化，以培养适应社会发展的通才型人才为主；培养模式灵活多样，多数以"开放型"或"非定向型"培养模式为主，学制多以4年制、5年制、3年为主；课程设置上注重通识教育，突出基础化、师范化、针对化、选修化、小型化、国际化和综合化特点，实行完全学分制的教育管理制度；我国普通高校体育教育本科专业人才培养模式应该由封闭性转向开放式混合型的人才培养模式转变，由专才型转向复合型人才培养模式转变，构建多种类型并存的人才培养模式；我国体育教师入职教育革新应遵循的原则是本位原则、协同原则、经验原则和时间与资源原则，改进措施有：做好入职教育的法规化、制度化建设，激励体育师资培育机构参与体育教师的入职教育，拓展体育教师教育的外延和内涵，优化整合资源，系统组织体育教师的入职教育，改变体育教师资格"终身制"，设定体育教师资格有效期限，推行教师资格定期认证制度等；国际上体育教师在职培训体系显现了体育教师教育一体化的发展取向，但我国体育教师的在职培训与职前培养存在分离性，必须采取改革措施，加速我国体育教师教育的一体化进程；构建体育教师教育新体系的实施要素是：重组资源配置，实现体育教师培养、入职和培训一体化，建立奖惩机制，实现校本与院校培训一体化，建立体育教师定向与非定向培养培训有机结合机制。

Angular spectral is spectral value map formed by estimating semblable coefficients of fast and slow shear wave or the variation of amplitude ratio of fast and slow shear wave with times and angles at a specified space point based on semblable theory of fast and slow shear wave, the angle value of this space point at a given time can be got by picking the maximum of angular spectral; the study reveals that fast and slow shear wave with different polarization direction should be separated using different rotation formula, eight formulas of separating fast and slow shear wave using clockwise rotation and counterclockwise rotation have been derived, and gained energy assignment rule and phase coincidence rule, in real data estimation, the rotation formula used for separating fast and slow shear wave can be uniquely determined on the two discriminating rules. On the basis of semblable theory of fast and slow shear wave, the delay time corresponding to the maximum of semblable coefficients at a specified point in a given time window is the delay time of fast and slow shear wave, delay time section of fast and slow shear wave can be got by moving space point and smoothing time window. The vertical variation values of delay time of fast and slow shear wave reflect the effect degree of vertical fractured reservoir on fast and slow shear wave which is defined as anisotropic coefficient, and section map of anisotropic coefficient can be obtained.

角度谱就是利用快慢横波的相似性原理，在某一空间点求出快慢横波的相似系数或快慢横波的振幅比值随着时间和角度的变化而形成的谱值图，拾取其极大值就得到该空间点某一时间的角度值；在研究中发现分离不同偏振方向的快慢横波应该采用不同的旋转公式，推导出了利用顺时针旋转和逆时针旋转分离快慢横波的八个公式，并给出了能量分配准则和相位一致性准则两个判别准则，在实际计算中利用这两个判别准则能唯一地确定分离快慢横波的旋转公式；根据快慢横波的相似性原理，在某一给定点和给定时窗内最大相似系数对应的延迟时间就是快慢横波的延迟时间，随着空间点的移动和时窗的滑动就可以得到快慢横波延迟时间的剖面图；快慢横波延迟时间与慢横波传播时间的比值定义为裂缝密度，并求出了裂缝密度剖面图；快慢横波延迟时间纵向上的变化值的大小反映了纵向上裂隙层对快慢横波影响的大小，定义为各向异性系数，并求出了各向异性系数的剖面图。

Result The temporal and spatial niche breadth index of mango anthracnose in control area were 0.1785 and 0.9656, resp., that in conventional area were 0.1754 and 0.7966, resp., and that in prediction area were 0.1762 and 0.8267, resp.

结果］对照区芒果炭疽病时间和空间生态位宽度指数分别为0.1785、0.9656；常规区芒果炭疽病的时间和空间生态位宽度指数为0.1754和0.7966；预测区芒果炭疽病的时间和空间生态位宽度指数为0.1762和0.8267。

There, on the soft sand, a few feet away from our elders, we would sprawl all morning, in a petrified paroxysm of desire, and take advantage of every blessed quirk in space and time to touch each other: her hand, half-hidden in the sand, would creep toward me, its slender brown fingers sleepwalking nearer and nearer; then, her opalescent knee would start on a long cautious journey; sometimes a chance rampart built by younger children granted us sufficient concealment to graze each other's salty lips; these incomplete contacts drove our healthy and inexperienced young bodies to such a state of exasperation that not even the cold blue water, under which we still clawed at each other, could bring relief.

在软和的沙滩上，我们整个早晨都平躺在离大人仅有几英尺的地方，尽力压抑涌动的欲望，抓住每一次珍贵的时间和空间的机会来接触对方：她半埋在沙中的手，会慢慢的向我掘进，那棕色的瘦小的手指像梦游一样渐渐的走近；接下来，她乳白色的膝盖会开始一个小心翼翼的漫长的旅行；有时候，一些嬉戏的小孩修筑的沙堡会赐给我们足够掩护以遮住我们交接的咸腥的嘴唇……这些不完整的接触将我们健康且缺乏经验的幼嫩身体带入了邻近爆发的境地，就连掩盖着我们抓紧的双手的寒冷的蓝色海水也无法将其平息。

Using Field single ignition experiments of the four unconfined volume dispersion and small dosage solid FAE and TNT bombs experiments, we got the peak overpressures of solid FAE at different distances. Compared with TNT, The overpressure of FAE is 1.14~1.6 times higher than that of the TNT. Based on the theory of the air shock wave overpressure, the FAE relativity TNT mass is evaluated. At the edge of the explosive field, the number is 3.88. Pictures of high speed photography indicate that the duration and the most effect area of the FAE and TNT. Compared with TNT, obviously the FAE has more advantages. And, based on the theory of the critical concentration of dust explosion, the radius of dust explosive zone is evaluated. The phenomenon that the overpressure decays rapidly with distance is analyzed. It is suggested that the explosive temperature should be increased as the main approach to improve the FAE explosive capability in the condition when the over pressure is invariable.

通过四组无约束固态燃料空气炸药装置与等质量的TNT在野外开放空间的一次起爆对比实验，测得了不同配方组份FAE装置在不同距离的爆炸超压分布，FAE装置峰值超压比相同距离的TNT高1.14-1.6倍；并运用空气冲击波峰值超压公式计算出了FAE的等效爆炸TNT当量随距离的变化关系，在爆炸场边缘区，FAE装置爆炸当量达到了3.88倍TNT当量；通过高速摄影的图片得到了爆炸产生火球的持续时间和最大作用范围，与等质量TNT爆炸火球相比，FAE的优势明显；运用粉尘爆炸下极限浓度估算了云雾爆轰区半径，并分析了测量到的固态FAE爆炸场的压力分布单调衰减的原因；建议在保持超压不变的情况下，把提高爆温作为提高FAE爆炸性能的主要途径。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。