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Seven polyimides were synthesized and their films were uniaxially stretched to observe the variation in their in-plane birefringence. The creep method of DMA was used instead in stretching the PI films. The preload force and isothermal temperature were the two controlled factors that were chosen on the basis of the lowest stretchable force and lowest temperature for each PI structure. The elongation ratio of a PI film was then decided by the stretching time.

在此是以DMA 的另一种试片拉伸方式-Creep模式，来取代之前的Stress Relaxation模式对PI薄膜试片进行拉伸实验，Creep模式是以最低的拉伸力量及最低的拉伸温度的前提下，选择Pre-load Force与Isothermal Temperature这二项为拉伸控制因素，在此状态下的PI薄膜拉伸比是取决於其拉伸的时间，此种拉伸模式将可得到较高的拉伸比，而高的拉伸比是获取较高薄膜双折射率的必要条件。

Such as: calibrating the laser system, calibrating the measurement region and focusing the CCD camera for the diffuser passage with complex shape, selecting the best incidence angle for the laser sheet,, setting the time parameter including the time between pulses and the time between records, designing the laser system, and selecting water fog with 1～5μm diameter as seedings for PIV measurement after comparing several particles. All of the work is useful to accumulate the PIV measurement experience in turbomachinery. 2. Experimental research of the unsteady flow in diffusers The instantaneous velocity fields within the vaneless and vaned diffuser were measured by using PIV technique.

本文在国内首次进行PIV测量系统对离心风机扩压器内部非定常流动的测量，为此，作者作了必要的实验前期工作：双谐振激光器工作特性的标定；针对扩压器复杂的流道形状，解决了片光源照射区域位置的标定和CCD相机的聚焦等问题；为复杂流道形状的扩压器内部流动的PIV测量选择了最佳片光源入射角度；选择了合适的PIV测量时间参数；为实现非定常内流的PIV测量设计了PIV系统的光路布置；根据非接触测量示踪粒子的选取原则，对几种示踪粒子进行了筛选，最终1～5μm的水雾粒子在本文实验条件下获得最佳效果。

By 襣lueing? all the required interventions, each one with its own character, budget and time, these projects can become a 襝ollaborative amalgam? like a stained glass window, a vitrail: the tradition of making something big with small pieces. Each of them different, all together one.

通过综合考虑所有必需的介入因素，根据每个元素自己的特点，并结合预算和时间，将这些元素调和成为一种&相互协调的混合物&：就像彩色玻璃窗一样，传统上将多个小片组合形成大件，每一片都不相同，结合起来则是一个整体。

He growth process of silver particles with adsorption time is that the reduced silver precursors coalesces into silver particles, branch-shaped silver particles and larger silver pieces, step by step.

EM观察发现：随吸附时间延长，还原的Ag粒从小颗粒状发展到类树枝状的颗粒并最终形成Ag片；相应的电子衍射图也表明，Ag的结晶聚集体形态变化是：无定形→多晶→大银片。

Hot-Melt Laminating Machine is to laminate two or more different materialstogether through thermal radiation;meanwhile,apply appropriate pressure to make them become one composite.It has high adaptability and stability adn is widely used for laminating cloth leather,shoes soles and foaming sheets.lt use PE pellicle to replace glue which makes stronger effect and longer time for products stock,no discolouring,not easy to tear apart.This machine combines with the actiyator and automatic temperature circuit,which allows thick and thin laminating.accurate control of production quantity and quality,and is able to count amounts.Modern structure.stable performance,simple operation,low faulty rate and long operating life make it a fabulous machine

热熔复合机是通过热辐射对塑料、片材进行热熔贴合处理，把两种或两种以上不同材料相结合并施加一定压力使这复合成一体的加工机器，多用于服装皮革，鞋底鞋材，轻泡片材的复合加工，其优点用于PE薄膜替代胶水贴合，产品时间库存长，无变色迹象，不易撕开，贴合效果强于胶水几倍，具有广泛的适应性和稳定性，本机结合调速电机，自动温控电路，可方便准确的控制生产量和复合质量、可计数计码，是理想的复合设备，该机具有结构新颖，性能稳定，操作简单，故障率低，使用寿命长等诸多优点，我公司该产品设计有三种规格，用户可根据具体生产情况选购，如有需要可定做其它特殊规格的品种。

This type of grinder is not recommended for coffee sold by weight;extended use overheats the grinders and this.in turn.will have a negative impact on the coffee's flavor.

在那些按份量卖咖啡粉的场合不推荐用这种磨，因为长时间连续使用会造成磨片过热，而过热的磨片会给咖啡的风味带来负面的影响。

objective to evaluate efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsyfor treating ureteral stones in situ,investigate the cause of higher re-treatment rate.methods total of 687 patients with ureteral stone were received eswl between january 2000 and december 2004,included 455 male(66.2%) and 232 female(33.8%) patients,6 cases have bilateral ureteral calculi,12 cases have unilateral multiple calculi.hence,together 709 ureteral calculi were treated.patients upper ureteral calculi were treated in the supine position,for lower ureteral calculi patients were turned prone.to reduce eswl-induced renal trauma and pain,using lower energy source,adjusted power setting from 9.8 to 13.2kv,limited 1500 shock wavs per one session.no auxiliary procedure were used before eswl.the stone size was measured as the surface area of stone length by stone width on x-ray film.the interval between two treatment sessions was two weeks.results of 709 ureteral calculi,the overall stone free rate was 97.3%(690 calculi),re-treatment rate was 34.1%(292 calculi).according to the performed treatment sessions,one session 467 calculi,the mean stone size 37.27mm2,stone free rate 65.4%(464 calculi).two sessions 138 calculi,the mean stone size 62.48mm2,stone free rate 18.4%(131calculi).three sessions 52 calculi,the mean stone size 79.60mm2,stone free rate 7.1%(50calculi).four sessions 19 calculi,the mean stone size 101.63mm2,stone free rate 2.4%(17calculi).fivesessions 33 calculi,the mean stone size 119.33mm2,stone free rate 3.9%(28 calculi).overall 19 cases(2.7%)turned to other treatment modalities.of 335 upper ureteral calculi,303 achieved stone free (95.8%),re-treatment rate was 38.5%(129 calculi).of 374 lower ureteral calculi,369 achieved stone free(98.7%),re-treatment rate was 30.2%(113 calculi).the re-treatment rate of upper ureteral calculi was higher than lower ureteral calculi(p＜0.05,χ2=5.40).the difference of stone-free rate between upper and lower ureteral calculi was no significant(p＞0.05,χ2=0.15).conclusion eswl should be considered first line therapy for ureteral stone still.stone burden are the main variable of higher re-treatment rate,upper ureteral stone may moving with respiring during eswl.so efficinet shock wave was decreared,re-treatment rate become higher.

目的 评估体外震波碎石治疗输尿管结石的疗效，探讨再治疗率高的原因及输尿管结石的治疗选择。方法回顾2000年1月～2004年12月间eswl治疗输尿管结石的临床资料687例，男455例（66.2%），女232例（33.8%），平均年龄46.6岁（15～83岁）。有双侧输尿管结石6例，单侧多发性输尿管结石12例（4颗1例，3颗2例，2颗9例），共计输尿管结石709颗（含透光结石13颗）。应用上海爱申公司生产的desunit6030型碎石机，c臂x线球管做结石定位。上段输尿管结石（肾盂输尿管交界处至骶髂关节上缘）取仰卧位，下段输尿管结石（骶髂关节上缘下至输尿管口）取俯卧位。为减少eswl引起的肾损伤和疼痛，应用较低的能量，震波发生器电压从9.8～13.2kv，震波频率1.5s。每次治疗设定为1500次震波。治疗后3天摄腹部平片或b超，以后每隔7日重复检查。假如结石未碎或有残留结石最长径＞3mm以上，再次eswl，两次治疗的间隔时间为两周。结石的大小用x线片上的表面积（mm2表示。结果 709颗输尿管结石总的治愈率为97.3%（690颗），再治疗率34.1%（242颗）。其中一次治疗467颗，平均结石大小37.27mm2，治愈464颗（65.4%），3颗改治疗；两次治疗138颗，平均结石大小62.48mm2，治愈131颗（18.5%），7颗改治疗；第1和第2次治疗治愈率（1个月治愈率）为83.8%。3次治疗52颗，平均结石大小79.60mm2，治愈50颗（7.1%），2颗改治疗；4次治疗19颗，平均结石大小101.63mm2，治愈17颗（2.4%），2颗改治疗；5次及5次以上治疗33颗，平均结石大小119.33mm2，治愈28颗（3.9%），5颗改治疗。总计19颗（2.7%）结石改变治疗方式。上段输尿管结石335颗，治愈321颗（95.8%），再治疗129颗（38.5%）。下段输尿管结石374颗，治愈369颗（98.7%），再治疗113颗（30.2%）。经χ2检验，上、下段输尿管结石的再治疗率差异有显著性（χ2=5.40，p＜0.05），治愈率差异无显著性（χ2=0.15，p＞0.05）。不良反应：血压升高13例（1.9%），震波区域疼痛26例（3.8%），震波进入处皮肤点状淤血33例（4.8%），肉眼血尿128例（18.6%），均于第2、3天自行消失。结论 eswl目前仍是输尿管结石的第一线治疗，结石的大小是再治疗率高的主要因素。结石的位置有影响，上段输尿管结石可随呼吸移动，有效震波次数减少，再治疗率比下段输尿管结石高。eswl前注重病例筛选可降低再治疗率。

The degradation rates of copolyanhydrides were much slower than those of homopolyester anhydrides, and decreased with the increase of the ratio of CPP.

含Aspirin的均聚酸酐基质片的体外药物释放速率随时间逐渐加快，而共聚酸酐基质片的释放速率慢得多，且随CPP比例增大而降低，可保持一段时间的稳定释放速率。

All round this they had cleared a wide space, and then the thing was completed by a paling six feet high, without door or opening, too strong to pull down without time and labour, and too open to shelter the besiegers.

屋子的周围整理出了一片开阔地，然后又围着这片开阔地建了一圈六英尺高的木栅栏，上面既没有门，也没有出口。这木栅非常坚固，不费点时间和力气是拆毁不了它的，而且木栅与屋子之间的开阔地使得围攻者根本无处可躲

I've seen a lot of classics, epics, and foreign films over the last year.

过去的一年多时间里，我已看过众多的经典片、史诗片和外国电影等。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。