时间温度曲线

By the cooling curve and the temperature field, it can he known that, the solidification time of ribbon is 1.0×10^(-4)s, the even solidification rate of ribbon with 60 μm thickness is about 10^6K/s, and the temperature of cooling process does not obviously go back by the release of solidification latent heat. The solidification rate of ribbon is at 0.010-0.394 m/s, and it changes from high to low with the prolonged solidification time.

由冷却曲线和温度场曲线类比结果可知，带子的凝固时间为1.0×10^(-4)s；单辊快淬的平均冷却速度在10^6 K/s数量级，且凝固潜热的释放不会明显地引起冷却过程的温度回升；带子的凝固速度在0.010~0.394 m/s范围之内随凝固时间的延长逐渐由大变小。

Studied present measuring methods" advantages and disadvantages, and presented the necessity and importance of researching propellant transient heat transfer.2.according to 130 and aeronautic 90 rocket projectiles" structure, analysed and acquired physical and mathematical models for propellant transient heat transfer, also designed propellant temperature field simulation units for test.3.acquired discrete transient heat balance equation and temperature calculation program, and gave contrasting curves between experimental temperature values and program calculating temperature values as well as maximum errors and average square root errors between them.4.by programs based on the first class boundary condition, worked out temperature distribution in propellant temperature field simulation units at different time, analysed temperature field distribution law and main elements affecting heat transfer, acquired propellant mass weighted average temperature and one at the half position of propellant maximum thickness as well as maximum errors and average square root errors between them.5.established transient heat transfer mathematical model and temperature calculation program for the third class boundary condition, drew contrasting curves between temperature experimental values and calculation values and gave maximum errors and average square root errors between them, got temperature distribution in the simulation unit at different time and main elements affecting heat conduction, figured out propellant mass weighted average temperature and one at the half position of propellant maximum thickness as well as maximum errors and average square root errors between them.

分析了现有测试方法的优缺点，提出了研究推进剂瞬态导热的必要性和重要性。 2。根据130和航90两种火箭弹的结构，分析得到了推进剂传热的物理模型和数学模型，设计了推进剂温度场模拟实验装置。 3。得到了离散形式的瞬态热平衡方程和温度场计算程序，给出了实验温度与程序计算温度值的对比曲线及其最大偏差与均方差。 4。利用程序求出了第一类边界条件下、不同时刻推进剂温度场模拟装置中的温度分布，分析了温度场的分布规律和影响传热的主要因素，求出了推进剂质量加权平均温度和最大肉厚1／2处的温度时间曲线并给出了两者之间的最大偏差与均方差。 5。建立了第三类边界条件下的瞬态导热数学模型和温度计算程序，求出了温度实测值与计算值的对比曲线并给出了两者之间的最大偏差与均方差，得到了不同时刻温度场模拟装置的温度分布与影响导热的主要因素，求出了推进剂质量加权平均温度和最大肉厚1／2处温度及两者之间的最大偏差与均方差，讨论并确定了能代表130和航90推进剂温度的特征点的位置。

The temperature time curve of the heated die cavity and the relation between temperature and time under different initiatory temperature were determined .

测定模膛加热的温度-时间曲线及不同起始温度下模膛温度与时间的关系。

Deformation greatly promoted carbonitride isothermal precipitation and made C-curve shift leftwards. The position and shape of C-curve depended on the content of Nb and N to a great extent, C-curve shifted leftwards a little when N content increased and its nose temperature was raised with Nb content increased. 3 when cooling rate increased, start temperature and finish temperature of continuous cooling precipitation decreased, full precipitation became difficult to take place, the volume fraction of carbonitride precipitation decreased, molar fraction of Nb and C dissolved in austenite increased, and the precipitation grain was further refined. Deformation shorten precipitation start time during continuous cooling, raised precipitation start temperature, accelerated precipitation kinetics of carbonitrides.

计算表明：1在Fe—Nb—C系统中，随着温度的降低，析出相的平衡体积分数增加，溶解在奥氏体中的Nb、C的摩尔分数降低，析出相中C和Nb的原子分数的比值v增加；2变形大大促进了碳氮化物的等温析出，使C曲线左移，Nb和N的含量与C曲线的位置和形状有一定的关系，N含量的增加，使C曲线略有左移，而Nb的含量的增加使得C曲线的鼻子区上移；3随着冷却速率的增大，连续冷却析出的开始温度和结束温度均有所降低，并且析出变得越来越不充分，析出相体积分数明显减小，溶解在奥氏体中Nb和C的摩尔分数增大，析出相粒子被明显细化，变形大大缩短了CCP过程碳氮化物析出的开始时间，提高了析出的开始温度，促进了析出动力学。

The macroscopic rheological parameters and microstructure parameters were closely related, it is helpful to explain the essence of multiple rheological properties through the analysis of which the wax evolution process and microstructure of the crude oil which is waxy and high viscosity; the yield time of gelled waxy crude oil monotone increases along with the decreasing of rate of shear (the time of stress effect prolonged), there was power function relationship between them, it can be expressed with ; when adding diesel oil to Sudan crude oil, dilute proportion bigger the eccentricity degree of paraffin particles were bigger too, that was to say the symmetry of wax crystal was better, the wax crystal form fabric more hardly when the intermolecular interaction was smaller; in the light of macroscopica, the fall extent of the abnormity temperature, solidifying point and viscosity could be larger along with the accretion of dilute proportion, as a result, it's rheological properties could be improved.

SD原油析蜡点为94℃，析蜡高峰为50～30℃，异常点为40℃；其蜡晶颗粒细小、对称性差，所以具有较大的比表面能，容易形成联生、联锁结构；损耗角曲线与储能模量曲线或损耗模量曲线的交点所对应的温度与原油凝点或倾点温度非常接近，大约在39℃左右；也就是说，含蜡原油粘弹特性曲线的交点可以表征其流动性；原油宏观流变参数与微观结构参数密切相关，原油析蜡过程及蜡晶微观结构分析有助于诠释易凝高粘原油多重流变特性的本质；胶凝含蜡原油的屈服时间随剪切速率的降低而单调增加，二者显然存在幂函数关系，可用关系式描述；当SD原油加柴油稀释处理时，稀释比越高，蜡晶颗粒的偏心度也越大，亦即蜡晶对称性越好，分子间作用力越小，蜡晶颗粒越不易形成结构，宏观表现为异常点、凝点及表观粘度等流变参数下降的幅度越大，流动性越好。

Once the sparger installed in the CMT, the fluid temperature above the sparger and the initial pressure of pressurizer are the key factor, which affect the condensation characteristic and temperature equilibrium time.

通过对不同初始条件下的CMT排水量进行了分析，发现CMT排水速度主要受CMT内的压力变化的影响：CMT无遮流板排水实验中所有排水量随时间的变化曲线都是单调递增的，且都有一个较为明显的拐点，在拐点后，斜率明显增大，说明排水速度增加显著；CMT加遮流板排水实验中排水量曲线的拐点不明显且出现时间较无遮流板排水实验要早，说明排水速度增加得较早；CMT加遮流板排水实验如果PRZ初始压力较大，通过改变CMT的初始温度，将会引起排水总量较大的变化；排水速度平衡时间受CMT压力平衡响应时间的影响，且较CMT压力平衡响应时间快。

TIR radiation temperature of rock surface and the loading time is linear,while the curve between the local highest

擦以等速率进行时，岩石摩擦裂隙表面平均红外辐射温度的时间曲线为直线型，局部最高温度的时间曲线为3次

A large drop in hardness appears in as deformed samples at a temperature 45 ℃ lower than the start temperature of the exothermal peak after isochronal annealing, indicating that the recrystallization and grain growth process is closely relatine to annealing time and temperatur.

出现明显晶粒长大的温度较DSC曲线显示的放热峰起始温度低45℃左右，这主要是由于变形组织的回复再结晶过程是退火温度与时间的函数，降低处理温度并延长处理时间能达到与高温短时处理相同的效果。

The time and temperature dependence of dynamic modulus and phase angle of hot mix asphalt is analyzed,the master curve of dynamic modulus and phase angle is built using time-temperature superposition principle,the Witczak predictive equation is verified using the test results,which is helpful to provide good reference for China to use dynamic modulus as pavement design parameters.

分析了沥青混合料动态模量和相位角对温度和加载频率的依赖性，利用时间-温度置换原理建立了动态模量的通用曲线，并用动态模量实测结果对Witczak预估模型进行了验证和分析，为将动态模量作为沥青路面设计参数和混合料性能评价指标提供了有益参考。

PCDSG displays basic observational data at Wushan station of Guangzhou,four stations nearly,Qingyuan rawinsonde station and Hengshan station.Time series curves of pressure,temperature,humidity and upper air physical values are also included.PCDSG has been used in routine service and appeared as a valuable tool for short - term weather forcast in Guangzhou.

系统可实时显示广州五山站、四个县级市、清远探空站、衡山站的基本资料，显示气压、温度、湿度等观测要素或清运探空站物理量的时间演变曲线。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。