时轴

For improving the maneuver stability,safety and decreasing the tire wear,the combination of the optimization software,modefrontier and msc.adams,is applied to design the steering mechanism,with bottom angle of steering trapezoid,arm length,kingpins distance and axles distance as design parameters,transmit angle as constraint,minimum error between theoretical and practical steering angle as objective function,and simulated annealing as the optimization algorithm.

为了提高汽车操纵稳定性、安全性及减少轮胎磨损，将数值优化软件modefrontier同机械动力学仿真分析软件m sc.adam s集成，以转向梯形底角、转向臂长度、主销中心距和轴距为设计参数，传动角为约束，以转向时内轮实际转角与理论转角的误差最小为目标函数，采用模拟退火算法对转向机构进行最优化设计。

A detailed model of non-linear parametric excitation vibration coupling the stay cable and the girder, in which the static sag as well as the geometric non-linearity are considered, is proposed in this paper. Based on several numeric examples investigated by the Galerkin method composed with the integration strategy, several kinds of factors effecting stay cable parameter vibration are studied. Another parameter vibration model by the axial excitation is presented and the corresponding nonlinear equations are derived. The smallest excitation amplitude,the transient state and steady state resonance amplitudes, and the changing characteristics of the axial force are obtained by using harmonic balance method. According to numerical examples calculated by numerical integration method, the effects of the inner damping of the stay cables are investigated.

本文创新地提出了斜拉桥拉索-桥面耦合参数振动模型，推导了索-桥耦合非线性参数振动方程组，联合Galerkin法及数值积分方法，对各种特性的拉索进行了数值求解，得出了影响拉索参数振动的各种因素；提出了斜拉索受轴向端激励参数振动模型，导出了模型的非线性振动方程，使用谐波平衡法得出了产生参数振动需要的最小激励幅值、共振时瞬态及稳态的振动幅值及索拉力的变化特性，并用数值积分方法对实际斜拉桥拉索进行了计算，分析了拉索阻尼对参数振动的影响。

The mainly influence factors of the clutch engagement during starting process had been analyzed thoroughly; a Map control strategy was applied to reduce the starting jerk and the friction work by considering throttle angle, engine speed, idle object speed and input shaft speed.

分析了机械式自动变速器车辆起步时离合器的接合过程。以降低起步冲击度和减小离合器滑摩功为目标，由油门开度、发动机转速、怠速目标转速以及一轴转速等参数提出了起步离合器MAP图控制策略。

The automobile axle locking nut was split in the assembly. The fatigue cause was analyzed through macroscopic fracture, microstructure, electron probe and hardness surveys.

某公司生产的汽车半轴锁紧螺母在装配时被拧裂，用宏观断口、金相观察、电子探针及硬度测量等方法对其断裂原因进行分析。

The paper discusses the position relationship between the litter circles of torus and the section circle of sphere figured out the intersection of torus and sphere when the central axis of torus and sphere center in XOZ coordinate plane through coordinate transformation.

利用坐标变换使圆环中心轴与球心同在XOZ平面内，讨论了在该平面内圆环截圆与球圆的位置不相交、相切和相交时圆环面和球面的相交情况，并给出了判别圆环面、球面相交情况的流程图以及圆环面和球面相交实例。

When considering the speed is enough to first check whether the normal speed motor itself can be used to measure the tachometer, the motor speed under normal circumstances, consider whether there will be magnetic coupling of the slip.

在考虑转速是否够时，先要检查电机本身的转速是否正常，可用转速计进行测量，在电机转速正常的情况下，可考虑是否会出现磁力联轴器的滑脱。

In this way, through the plug 5 to 6 within the cylinder head under the shaft at different positions and round hole rack up 4 different locations of the holes interspersed assembly together, can achieve wheels Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ three status, the completion of three functions.

这样，通过插销5，将内筒体6下轴头上不同位置的孔和轮架4上不同位置的孔穿插装配在一起时，即可实现轮子的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三种状态，完成三种功能。

When proceeding pump testing, we collect a good many parameters, and figure out the pump gross head, pump shaft power, NPSH and other parameters. Different units of those parameters are used in different countries, and sometimes the customer asks for the test data of special media. Making a test of every medium of the same pump is not realistic, and the costs will be increase, so we convert the units of the data, and figure out the testing data according to different customer's special requirements. We reduced costs and got good remarks from the corporation through the application of unit conversion technology.

水泵试验时，要采集诸多参数，并且根据这些参数计算出扬程、轴功率、NPSH等数值，不同国家这些参数采用的单位不同，企业必须能够按照客户要求的单位提供试验数据；并且有时客户要求得到水泵在特殊介质下进行试验得出的试验数据，同一台泵在每种介质下都做一遍试验不太现实，而且会提高企业的生产成本，提出将采集的数据进行单位换算，根据不同国家或者客户的特殊要求求出泵的试验数据，在实际应用中节省了试验成本，得到了企业的好评。

In pumping high-viscosity oil, with the increase of the shaft speed, the efficiency of the pump at the optimum operating point is improved, and the flow rate and hoisting height at the optimum efficiency point rises, therefore the rated speed of the viscous oil pump should be remarkably higher than that of the water pump.

输送高粘油时，随着泵轴转速的提高，离心泵最优工况点的效率提高，最佳效率点的流量和扬程也相应提高，因此，输送粘油用的泵的设计转速必须比水泵有较大幅度的提高。

The cross section stress problem of variable section round bar in axial tension and compress was studied.

通过分析变截面圆杆轴向拉压时横截面上的应力问题，论证了在该类图杆横截面上存在沿径向的剪应力，导出了计算该剪应力的公式。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。