时滞

1Niche construction can lead to stable coexistence of diverse genotypes in spatially structured population, which supports a stable polymorphism even without heterozygote superiority.(2)With habitat deterioration, niche construction accelerates the formation of steady polymorphism and hence impedes the harmful influences of environment on the population, which might embody a life-history strategy of organism under the unfavorable environment.(3)Niche construction results in the coexistence with alternative polymorphism through genotype-environment feedback and limited gene flow.(4)The niche-constructing organism is an active force to alter its environment and hence the direction of natural selection in order to better survival.(5)Spatial dynamics and distribution pattern of metapopulation are profoundly influenced by time-lagged niche construction.(6)Metapopulation size can reach a fixed level in the recency effect and equal weighting of time lag but is statistical stability in primacy effect, which implies the primacy effect is most remarkable.(7)The increment in the relative weightingof each generation\' niche construction and the length of time lag are significant factors for system destabilization.(8)Moderate capacity of positive niche construction benefits the metapopulation persistence.(9)The narrowing of niche breadth can decrease the metapopulation size and thereby increase the extinction risk.(10)The coupled function of time lag and niche construction make the system oscillation and generate the spiral wave, spiral-broken and circular wave in heterogeneous habitat.The spatial distributions of metapopulation and resource content are complementary due to a phase lag of their both frequencies.(12)Metapopulation persistence with niche construction depends not only on the balance between colonization and extinction, but also on the balance between the ability of niche construction and natural dissipation of habitat.(13)Metapopula-tion can survive under certain condition when the percent of suitable patches in habitat is lower than the ration of extinction to colonization.(14)Two thresholds exist in the process of transition of habitat quality dynamics from unsuitable to suitable, which include the intensity of niche construction and the initial condition of system.(15)Metapopulation size is positive correlated with the ability of positive niche construction, which means that organism or population who has strongly positive influences on their environment plays an important role to maintain the available habitat.

通过上述几个方面的研究，主要得出以下15条结论：(1)生态位构建可使空间结构种群，甚至是在没有杂合子优势的条件下，形成多种可能的稳定基因型分布模式；(2)随着环境的破坏与恶化，种群的生态位构建作用加速其较早形成稳定多态以阻碍环境对种群的不利影响，解释了有机体在不利环境下的一种生活史对策；(3)生态位构建作用通过基因型—环境反馈机制及有限的基因交流导致基因型多态的稳定共存；(4)有机体的生态位构建作用是一种积极的动力改变环境进而改变其自然选择的方向；(5)生态位构建的时滞作用对集合种群动态和空间分布产生深刻影响；(6)集合种群大小在时滞的崭新效应和等权重效应下达到一固定值，而在首位效应下达到统计稳定，表明首位效应的影响最显著；(7)首位效应下生态位构建相对权重的增量和时滞的长度是影响系统不稳定性动态的关键因素；(8)适中的生态位构建强度有利于集合种群的续存；(9)生态位宽度变窄会减少集合种群的数量从而增加其灭绝风险；(10)时滞和生态位构建的双重作用使系统产生周期振荡，并在异质性环境中产生稳定的螺旋波，破碎的螺旋波和环形波三种分布模式；(11)集合种群与资源含量的空间分布因为相滞而互补；(12)具有生态位构建的集合种群续存不仅取决于侵占率与灭绝率之间的平衡，而且依赖于生态位构建能力同其生境的自然消耗速率之间的妥协；(13)当生境中适合侵占的斑块比例小于其侵占率与灭绝率之比时，生态位构建作用促使集合种群在一定条件下续存：(14)生境斑块的状态从不适合到适合转变过程中存在生态位构建强度和系统初始条件这两个阈值；(15)集合种群的大小同正生态位构建能力正相关，意味着对环境具有较强正作用的有机体对维持有效生境起积极作用。

In the fifth and the sixth chapter, a class of interval BAM neural networks withmixed delays under uncertainty and a class of stochastic interval BAM neural networkswith mixed delays are introduced and studied, which include many well-known neuralnetworks as special cases.

第五章和第六章分别介绍了一类具有不确定性的带混合时滞的区间BAM神经网络和一类带混合时滞的区间随机BAM神经网络，这里混合时滞意味着同时出现离散和分布时滞。

As to problem of time varying delay existing in NCSs, a time-varying model including certain system and uncertain system are constructed firstly, and then stability and stabilization of these systems are discussed based on time-delay system theory, cone convex optimization theory and free weighting matrices approach. Conditions of time-dependent stability and stabilization with less conservative are given in the form of linear matrix inequalities.

针对网络时滞问题建立了时变时滞NCSs的模型(包括确定系统和不确定系统)，然后利用时滞系统理论、锥补线性化方法和自由权矩阵方法研究了NCSs的稳定性和镇定性问题，并基于LMIs形式给出具有较小保守性的时滞相关稳定和镇定条件。

Jet lag jet 会使人们想到jet plane,lag是指"延迟的时间",在技术上称为"时滞"或"滞后".jet lag =jet fatigue=jet syndrome anthur j.snidir在the rhythm of life对jet syndrome的解释是:symptoms of biorhythm upset,known popularly as the jet syndrome,are experienced by jet airplane travellers who fly through several time zones in 12 hours or less.the local time between their place of departure and their destination may differ by 5,6,or even as much as 10hours.

jet lag是随着喷气式飞机的问世，乘喷气式客机旅行的人越来越多的情况而出现的。jet lag不是什么喷气时滞，而是人们在乘坐喷气式飞机旅行时由于时差的关系而引起不适应目的地昼夜变化的一种疲劳和烦躁的现象。

Considering the vehicular SG cruise integrating model under braking condition influenced by some factors of nonlinearity, time-delay and the disturbance, a new nonlinear SMITH predictor is designed to compensate the time delays of control variable in advance. Furthermore, with the resort of pure delay operator, extension of the Lie derivative and the Lie bracket, some issues of SISO nonlinear system with time delays in state variable are resolved, which cover the input-output linearization, invertability of coordinate transformation and the disturbance decoupling problem.the staged transformation and design technique, the vehicle deceleration tracking control and the SG cruise disturbance decoupling control under braking condition are carried out effectively using proposed control method.

在建立制动工况下车辆走-停巡航系统集成模型基础上，针对其非线性、时滞特性以及目标车减速度干扰的影响，提出一种改进的非线性SMITH预估补偿方法，以消除控制变量时滞，并结合时滞算子、扩展李导数和扩展李括号方法，研究并解决了SISO状态变量时滞非线性系统的输入输出线性化、坐标变换的可逆性以及输出干扰解耦问题，实现了SISO时滞非线性系统的综合控制。

Firstly, the existence and uniqueness of the solution for neutral stochastic functional differential equations with infinite delay under the uniformly Lipschitz condition, linear grown condition and contractive condition can be directly derived; And the moment estimate of the solution and the estimate for error between the approximate solution and the accurate solution can be both given; If the uniformly Lipschitz condition is replaced by the local Lipschitz condition, the existence and uniqueness theorem can be gained; Meanwhile, the existence and uniqueness of the global solution in the interval 0,+∞ can also be obtained; Secondly, L~p-exponential estimate of the solution for neutral stochastic functional differential equations with infinite delay can be studied; At length, the theorem of the local solution about neutral stochastic functional differential equations with infinite delay only under the local Lipschitz condition and the contractive condition can be established.

首先，在一致Lipschitz条件，线性增长条件和压缩性条件下，直接得到了具无限时滞中立型随机泛函微分方程解的存在惟一性，并给出了解的矩估计，近似解与精确解之间的误差估计；将一致Lipschitz条件替换为局部Lipschitz条件，也得到了具无限时滞中立型随机泛函微分方程解的存在惟—性，同时，也给出了在整个区间0，+∞上具无限时滞中立型随机泛函微分方程解的存在惟一性定理；其次，也讨论了具无限时滞中立型随机泛函微分方程解的L~p指数估计；最后，在局部Lipschitz条件和压缩性条件下，建立了具无限时滞中立型随机泛函微分方程局部解的存在惟一性定理。

Chapter 3 emphasizes on the case that the considered systems contain not only impulse but also time delay. We mainly investigate impulsive parabolic systems with time delay and neutral impulsive parabolic systems. Section 3.1 discusses the oscillation of impulsive parabolic systems with time delay under Robin boundary condition and obtains some useful criteria via first order impulsive differential inequalities with time delay. Section 3.2 studies the oscillation of neutral impulsive parabolic systems under Neumann boundary condition and Robin boundary condition, respectively, and obtains some sufficient conditions for oscillation and strong oscillation via first order neutral impulsive differential inequalities.

第三章针对于"脉冲"与"时滞"共存的复杂情形，仍采用反证法讨论了含时滞的脉冲偏微分系统的振动理论，具体研究了脉冲时滞抛物系统和中立型脉冲时滞抛物系统。3.1节考虑了脉冲时滞抛物系统的振动理论，借助于一阶脉冲时滞微分不等式的解的性质，得到了满足Robin边界条件的脉冲时滞抛物系统的若干振动准则；3.2节考虑了中立型脉冲时滞抛物系统的振动理论，借助于一阶中立型脉冲时滞微分不等式的解的性质，分别给出了满足Neumann边界条件和Robin边界条件的中立型脉冲时滞抛物系统的若干振动和强振动准则。

The sufficient conditions to guarantee robust exponential stability for the closed-loop systems are obtained based on Linear Matrix Inequality, moreover, the approach of design of robust H# output feedback controller is introduced.3 The problem of reliable H# control for a class of Lur"e systems with polytopic uncertainties is studied when all control components are operational as well as when some control components experience failures, the design approach of reliable H# controller is also obtained.4 Considering a class of uncertain Lur"e singular system with time-delays, the problem of robust stability is investigated based on Barbalats Lemma and nonsingular linear transformation of model reduction.

针对一类不确定Lur'e奇异时滞系统，基于Barbalat引理以及非奇异降阶变换，讨论了Lur'e奇异时滞系统的鲁棒稳定问题，提出了鲁棒H_∞状态浙江大学博士学位论文反馈控制器的设计方法。5、针对一类具有饱和执行器的不确定Lur'e奇异系统，提出了时滞依赖的鲁棒稳定与鲁棒二次镇定的充分条件，所的结果不需要参数的整定。6、针对任意协方差有界的有色噪声，讨论了一类不确定Lur'e奇异系统的鲁棒凡滤波问题，得出了鲁棒几滤波器设计的充分条件。7、针对一类不确定Lur'e时滞系统，通过线性变换，把它转换成奇异系统，根据奇异系统鲁棒控制理论所得出的鲁棒稳定与鲁棒镇定控制器设计的充分条件具有很小的保守性。

When parameters satisfy some assumptions, Rossler system is a chaotic dynamical system. In order to discuss the dynamical character of Rossler system and use delayed feedback control chaos, in the first, we discuss the stability of the steady states of Rossler system with delayed feedback. When the engenvalues of the linear part are pure imaginary numbers, we obtain the corresponding delay value. The stability of the steady state is lost when the delay passes through the critical value, and simultaneity chaos may vanish, as well as there will be a family periodic solutions bifurcate from the steady states.

在几个参数满足一定的假设条件下，Rossler系统是一个具有混沌特性的动力系统，为了研究该系统的动力学性质并利用时滞实现混沌控制，本文首先对具有时滞的Rossler系统的平衡点进行稳定性分析，当系统的线性部分对应的特征值为纯虚根时，算出相应的时滞τ，得到了平衡点的稳定性会在时滞τ取某些值时发生翻转，同时系统的混沌特性也会出现变化，并且在平衡点处系统经历Hopf分支。

Using the new comparative method, the variation of constants formula, M-matrix theory, integral differential inequality, new theoretical results on global exponential stability of neural networks with bounded time-varying delays and Lipschitz continuous activation functions have been obtained.

利用新的比较方法的思想，改进了一维线性和非线性纯时滞微分系统的3/2稳定性定理，推广了Yorke条件到具两个时滞项的情形，将Yorke等人的3/2稳定性定理推广到具两个时滞项的线性和非线性纯时滞微分系统，进一步还推广到N维纯时滞微分系统，为纯时滞神经网络的研究打下理论基础。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。