时期划分

Because of the regional difference of soil and climatic conditions, the division of 4 stages of soil moisture circulation is not all the same between different areas; the soil moisture dynamics between different dry farming areas in the Yellow River Basin is contrasted in this report. The results indicate that soil moisture increases gradually from dry semi-arid area to semi-arid area, dry semi-humid area and semi-humid area, and the high value district generally appears during soil moisture resuming period in rainy season or soil melting period. While the low value district appears at the stage of fast evaporation in spring or slow evaporation in autumn; in views of vertical changes of soil moisture, it is showed that the variation range of upper lays is larger than that of lower among the different dry farming areas in the Yellow River Basin.

由于各区域之间土壤、气候条件的差异，各地土壤水分循环4个阶段的划分也不尽相同；黄河流域不同旱作类型区土壤水分动态变化比较结果表明：就季节变化而言(来源：A70b0B0bC论文网www.abclunwen.com)，由半干旱偏旱区→半干旱区→半湿润偏旱区→半湿润区土壤水分含量呈逐渐增加的变化趋势，而且高值区一般出现在雨季恢复阶段或春季土壤融冻返浆时期；而低值区均出现在春季大量蒸发阶段或秋季缓慢蒸发阶段；就垂直变化而言，黄河流域不同旱作类型区土壤水分垂直变化的趋势均表现为上层变化幅度较下层大。

This dissertation was focused on the research about the formation and evolution of NQB from the Late Triassic to the early middle Epoch of Jurassic Period, including integrated analyzing the characteristic of the key stratigraphic surfaces, the time of the key stratigraphy, regional rock straigraphy, biostratigraphy and chronostratigraphy, sedimentary system and depositional facies. On basis of these analysis, a tectonic evolution model have been established for NQB during from the Late Triassic to the early middle Epoch of Jurassic Period.1. After the systematic surface analysis about main stratigraphy units, we found that:(1) the bottom of Xiaochaka formation was comformity with the middle Triassic in the basin, and in the north margin it was deposited and overlapped on the different period stratigraphy before Triassic.(2) The top surface of Xiaochaka formation developed regionally karst and paleo-karst breccia, and was uncomformity with Nadigangri Formation, these things suggest that NQB in Xiaochaka depositing stage was developed from middle Triassic basin, and then an extensive regression occurred, the deposition was over and erosion come into being.(3) The lithologic assemblage, geochemistry, mixed fossils, and stratigraphy overlapping characteristic of Quemocuo Formation in early middle Jurassic indicted that the uncomformity surface was an extension-unconformity.2. Integrated analysis about stratigraphy division and correlation indicted that:(1) the paleontologic assemblage of Xiaochaka formation show its time was Carian -Norian stage of late Triassic. According to it was overlapped by late Triassic Nadigangri Formation, so Xiaochaka formation should be Carian - early Norian stage.(2) the SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb age of Nadigangri formation volcanic rocks wear vary form 216 to 205 Ma, so its time should be Norian, but maybe extended into Rhaetian Stage.(3) The age of its bottom volcanic rocks, the fossil assemblages of its middle and upper members and overlapped by lower Jurassic, indicted the age of Riganpeicuo Formation was Norian - Rhaetian stage. And the same time, the volcanic rocks geochemistry of Nadigangri and Riganpeicuo formation both reflected that they wear formed in rift tectonic settings. The lower lithologic and surface characteristic, fossil assemblages and its upper maybe was conformity with lower Jurassic, all reflected that the age of Tumengela Formation in Tumen area should be Norian - Rhaetian stage.

论文对晚三叠世—中侏罗世早期盆地的形成与演化开展了研究，包括关键地层界面特征分析、关键地层时代归属分析、区域岩石地层、生物地层和年代地层的综合对比分析、区域沉积体系与沉积相分析、岩相古地理分析，最终建立晚三叠世—中侏罗世早期羌塘盆沉积—构造动力演化模式。1、系统的对各地层单元的界面分析发现：(1)肖茶卡组底界在盆地内部与中三叠统整合关系，在盆地北缘为沉积超覆于不同时代的前三叠系之上：(2)肖茶卡组顶界面发育古岩溶角砾岩，与上覆那底岗日组为岩溶不整合接触，说明肖茶卡组沉积时期的羌塘盆地是在早中三叠世的盆地基础发展起来的，后期出现了广泛的海退事件，使盆地结束沉积并遭受风化剥蚀作用；(3)中侏罗统雀莫错组的岩性组合特征、岩石化学特征、古生物化石混积和地层的沉积超覆现象均表现出裂陷环境下形成的伸展不整合面的特征。2、综合地层划分与对比分析认为：(1)肖茶卡组古生物化石组合反映其时代为晚三叠世卡尼期—若利期，根据其上被上三叠统那底岗日组不整合覆盖，将其时代厘定为卡尼期—若利期早期；(2)那底岗日组火山岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄在216～205 Ma之间，其时代主要为若利期，可能包含有瑞替期：(3)日干配错组底部火山岩的年龄、中上部化石组合及其被下侏罗统整合覆盖，综合反映的时代为晚三叠世若利期—瑞替期，而且那底岗日组火山岩和日干配错组火山岩的地球化学成分分析反映两者均为引张构造背景下的产物；土门地区的土门各拉组的下部岩性及界面特征、化石组合和上部可能被下侏罗统整合覆盖，综合反映其时代为若利期—若利期。

Based on the archeological discoveries, historical documents on paper and preceding research results, from an aesthetic and iconological perspective, the writer has formed a conceptual period idea for the regional arts of this period, and has given a general order and explanation to different kinds of art works, including stone, pottery, rock painting, woodcarving, textile, bronze ware, lacquer, architecture, painting, sculpture, calligraphy, etc.

笔者以考古发现的材料和历史文献及前人研究的成果为依据，从艺术学和图像学的角度，对这一时期楼兰鄯善艺术作了概念性地时代划分，并对不同类型的艺术作品进行了大体排序和简要考释，所涉及的艺术类型包括石器、陶器、岩画、木雕、织物、铜器、漆器、建筑、绘画、雕塑、书法等。

Based on the results of long term and position research,the dynamic change of soil water content in Taihang Mountain-piedmont Plain with the condition of aeration zone incrassation was studied.Some results are as follows: Soil water content changes with precipitation in different year;Season dynamic can be divided into three stages: accumulating,consuming and stable;Soil water content increases with the increase of soil depth.

本研究利用连续多年的土壤水分观测数据，分析了太行山前包气带土壤水分动态变化特征，结果表明：土壤含水量受丰水年枯水年影响存在年际差异，根据不同季节土壤水分的动态特点，可将其划分为三个时期，即土壤水分消耗期土壤水分累积期和土壤水分相对稳定期。

It is of great significance to construct a theoretical system of historical per iodization with Chinese characteristics for the the...

当然对新时期的历史做出阶段性的划分，只是研究工作的第一步。

A scientific per iodization of the new era is of first importance for studies on the history of this era.

如何对新时期做出科学的阶段划分，是研究这段历史的一个首要问题。

New era ; historical period ; per iodization

新时期；历史阶段；划分

In China, where the present is to a certain extent history, snapshots can be misleading; discourses should integrate different "clocks" and be attentive, behind shorter developments or even ephemeral fashions, to very slow movements, what Fernand Braudel (1902-85) called the longue duree.

我们应去除短暂发展时期（更不用说那些短命的时尚趋势）的干扰，将它们整合进历史长河中一些缓慢但关键的演变运动中进行深入分析。这也就是法国史学家、&总体史&的集大成者费尔南多。布罗代尔（Fernand Braudel，1902-1985）所强调的长时段。他把历史时间划分为&短时段&、&中时段&、&长时段&，并认为长时段才是把握和认识历史的关键。

Based on the external features of malting barley, harvest can be conducted in four junctures.

本试验以啤酒大麦的植株外观特征为依据，划分了四个不同收获时期。

Based on the integrative analysis of seismic data, log data and petrologic character, three types of sedimentary facies can be recognized in the Yijianfang Formation.

在综合分析其岩石学特征、测井资料，结合地震资料，划分出台内滩、滩间、点礁三种沉积相，并讨论了一间房组早、晚期沉积相的空间展布特征，编制了各时期的古地理图，为油气勘探提供了地质指导。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。