时效

Civil codes in Japan,France and Germany attribute the way of occurrence from the effect of prescription to the doctrine of occurrence of the right to counterargument.

日、法、德民法典在时效发生效力的方式上均为抗辩权发生主义；但时效的标的则众说纷纭，几至混乱。

"Always"之类的强调词,如: e.g.4 The Covenantor hereby undertakes to procure that the Customer will comply with all the Customer's obligations to you, the beneficiaries of this deed,but should the Customer default in the payment when due of any payment or default in complying with any other obligation, the Covenantor will, without the need for any demand, make immediate payment or performance thereof as the case may be, at the place, in the funds and currency and/or in the manner required of the Customer and without any withholding or deduction whatsoever PROVIDED ALWAYS HOWEVER that no time for limitation of liability in respect of this Deed shall begin to run in favor of the Covenantor unless and until one or both of you shall have made demand on the Covenantor, and if more than one demand is made, then only from the date and to the extent of each demand respectively.

订约人兹承诺：保证客户将履行其对贵方—即本契约之共同或单独受益人—应尽之所有义务，但是假如客户未支付任何到期的款项或未能履行任何其他义务，订约人将在无需要求的 13 情况下，在客户指定的地点，以所要求的款项及货币形式及/或付款方式，立即做出支付或履行本契约的义务，所付款项不得有任何扣留和减少。但是，除非组成贵方之一公司或两公司已经向订约人提出要求，否则有关本契约之债务时效任何时候都不得按有利于订约人一方的方式开始计算；如果贵方向订约人提出一项以上的要求，则分别按每项要求提出的日期及具体状况开始计算债务时效。 7， any person who"的引导和翻译：，""的引导和翻译：在法律条例中，尤其在各地的刑法典及条例中，"any person who does…shall be guilty of an offence 类句型重复率相当高， person who 用来指称具备一定条件之人， any 并不似 whoever 那样可泛指所有的人，此外，any person who 是个定语从句，后边可以带好几个并行成份的句子而读者读起来不感到吃力，这点也非 whoever 能比，在句法上，该句型有时会把主语和谓语用逗号分开，中间加插一个定语修饰词。

The microstructure of this alloy was observed to be sosoloid matrix and second-phase dispersion.

Fe.P合金中富集，富集区域时效后形成共格了。Fe 和Fe3P以起到时效强化作用。

Following this route, the precipitates disperse homogeneously in the alloy, and the mechanical properties are obviously improved.

用正交试验方法研究了2024铝合金的分级时效工艺，优选出了一种能获得均匀、弥散分布的沉淀强化相以改善铝合金的常规力学性能的分级时效工艺： 100℃，2h+190℃， 2h。

The results show that the naturally-aged 2195 alloy has the best intergranular and exfoliation corrosion resistance. The intergranular and exfoliation corrosion are accelerated with prolonging the increasing aging time at 160℃, which is in accord with the results of polarization tests in IGC solution.

结果表明： 2195合金在自然时效状态下具有较好的抗晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀能力，但随着在160℃时效时间的延长，其晶间腐蚀与剥落腐蚀倾向逐渐增加；在剥落腐蚀溶液中进行的极化曲线测试也表现出相同的趋势。

Applying integral intermediate value theorem, new effective elasticity modulus expressions were presented, which creep aging coefficient can be calculated by the creep coefficient of intermediate time of incremental time segment. Creep and shrinkage strain were treated as a kind of compulsive strain. Compulsive strain methods were used for the analysis of creep effect and shrinkage effect about concrete curved box-girder bridge.

根据积分中值定理，推导了增量时间段中点时刻徐变系数等效弹性模量的计算式；将徐变和收缩应变视为强迫应变，推导了强迫应变法计算混凝土梁桥的徐变、收缩效应的分析方法，写出了混凝土桥梁的徐变、收缩时效分析有限元列式，并将此方法应用到曲线箱梁桥的时效分析中。

Applying integral intermediate value theorem, new effective elasticity modulus expressions were presented, which creep aging coefficient can be calculated by the creep coefficient of intermediate time of incremental time segment.

根据积分中值定理，推导了增量时间段中点时刻徐变系数等效弹性模量的计算式；将徐变和收缩应变视为强迫应变，推导了强迫应变法计算混凝土梁桥的徐变、收缩效应的分析方法，写出了混凝土桥梁的徐变、收缩时效分析有限元列式，并将此方法应用到曲线箱梁桥的时效分析中。5。

Prediction results of indepe ndent and dependent samples show that the RMS errors of SSTA predicted in 10～12 months ahead are smaller than SSTA mean square deviation and that the relative e rrors in 5 months ahead are less than 50%.

经检验，对于非独立和独立样本，预报的均方根误差分别在12个月和1 0个月预报时效内小于SSTA的均方差，相对误差在5个月预报时效内都小于50％。

Welding metal age strengthening effect is remarkable, as the aging time increases, the hardness and anti-abrasion performance further improved.

堆焊金属时效强化效果显著，随着时效时间的增加，硬度和抗擦伤性能有进一步提高。

The maj or obj ect of this paper is the medium.small size concrete dams that have been used for many years.They have the characteristic that the alteration of water height of reservoirs is unobvious and the dams, displacements are affected mainly by temperature.With a case,the method of stepwise regression is used to analyze the vertical displacement prototyDe observed data.Then regression equation is established,the relation of dam,s displacement with hydraulic pressure、temperature、time effect is analyzed and the displacement change rule is obtained,the dam'S displacement onlv dependent to temperature is received.According to the theory of Finite Elements Method,the quasi-stationary temperature field formula and temperature stress formula are deduced.The QTP program and TFEM3D program are written with FORTRAN.The same case is calculated through QTP program to solve the quasi-stationary temperature and through TFEM3 D program to solve the dam'S displacement and find tlle dam,s deformation rule.This rule is accordant with the regression,S resuIt.

本文主要针对运行期间库水位变化很小、坝体的位移主要受温度变化影响的中小型混凝土坝，结合工程实例，采用逐步回归的方法对垂直位移原型观测资料进行分析，建立回归方程，分析坝体位移与水压、温度、时效之间的关系以及位移变化规律，分析结果坝体位移只与温度有关，而基本上不受库水位变化和时效的影响；根据有限元原理推求了混凝土坝准稳定温度场公式和温度应力公式，利用FORTRAN语言编制出QTP准稳定温度场程序和TFEM3D位移场程序，对大坝的温度场和位移场进行计算，求出坝体结点的变温值和坝体结点位移值以及单元应力分量，分析得到大坝的变形规律与实测资料以及回归统计变形规律一致，说明对坝体准稳定温度场的研究是正确的。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。