时基

For thin polycrystalline films, especially those with columnar structure, once the diameter of grains on the film surface is larger than the film thickness, the total area of above and under basal planes (film-substrate interface) will be larger than that of side plane. And if the film precipitates on the substrate with thermal expansion coefficient different from that of the film, great thermal stress will be introduced during annealing.

对于薄膜特别是柱状晶薄膜，当晶粒在膜平面内的尺寸大于膜厚时，柱状晶粒的上底面和下底面的面积将大于侧面的面积，如果薄膜还附着在与其热胀系数不同的基体上并在不同于沉积温度的条件下退火时，膜中将存在较大的热应力。

Add 100-150g of finely crushed ice and stir until the m-nitroaniline has been converted into the sulphate and a homogeneous paste results. Cool to 0-5°C by immersion of the beaker in a freezing mixture, stir mechanically and add a cold solution of 18g(0.26mol) of sodium nitrite in 40 ml of water over a period of 10 minutes until a permanent colour is immediately given to potassium iodide-starch paper: do not allow the temperature to rise above 5-7°C during the diazotisation.

加入100-150g碎冰，搅拌至m-硝基苯胺成硫酸盐，把烧杯浸入到冷冻液中冷却到0-5°C，机械搅拌下于 10 min内加亚硝酸钠冷溶液（由18g(0.26mol)亚硝酸钠和40 ml 水组成），直到用淀粉-碘化钾试纸测试时，能使该试纸立即显色且不褪色：在重氮化反应时不允许温度超过5-7°C。

Then, a thin layer of PTFE film is glued on the surface of the manganin film to package the sensing element. The response time of this gauge was found to ralated to the mounting mode of the transducer.

实验发现该传感器的响应时间与安装方式有关，当基板正对飞片时，响应慢；而PTFE薄膜正对飞片时，响应快。

Because of the effect of defect level, the Seebeck coefficients were positive. The maximum Seebeck coefficient is 2.88 V/K and the power factor meanwhiles is 3.68×10-4 W/K2·m when the substrate temperature was 300°C.

此外由於缺陷能阶之影响，Seebeck系数为正值，最大出现在基板温度为300°C时之2.88 V/K，而功率因子最大值也是在300°C时之3.68×10-4 W/K2·m。

Jesus probably had his first revelations while doing humdrum carpentry work. Einstein worked out his theory of relativity while serving as a clerk in a Swiss patent office. Machiavelli wrote The Prince and the Discourses while immersed in the dull life of a small country town where the only excitement he knew was playing cards with muleteers at the inn.

或许耶酥在做单调的木工时就有了他的第一次发现，爱因斯坦在瑞士议价专利局当职员时就得出了相对论；在一个乡镇的枯燥生活中，马基雅弗利所仅有的乐趣只是与客栈里的骡夫玩玩牌，而这就在这样的生活中他却写出了《王子》和《论述》两本著作；伊曼纽尔。

SOD activity was at peak in 5 mg/L Zn treatmenat, indicating greater ability to eliminate ROS caused by excessive Zn. Zn contents in roots and thalluses of duckweed in vivo increased significantly with increase of Zn concentration in solution at 0-5 mg/L Zn. When Zn concentration was higher than 5 mg/L, Zn accumulation in duckweed was no more increased significantly. And, the plant was damaged by excessive Zn.

结果表明：在Zn浓度为5 mg/L时，浮萍生物量并没有受到明显的影响，表现出较强的抗性；SOD酶活性也最高，表明清除氧自由基的能力也较强；Zn的积累随处理浓度增加而增加，在5 mg/L Zn处理时，也基本达到饱和，超过该浓度，吸收量则无明显的变化，同时浮萍也明显受到伤害。

The results of its intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy and fluorescence phase diagram showed that when the guanidine hydrochloride concentration in denaturation solution was about 1.0 mol/L, there existed a partially folded intermediate of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens a-amylase during its unfolding procedure, which followed a three-state model; the result of its fluorescence probe showed that when the guanidine hydrochloride concentration in denaturation solution was about 1.0 mol/L, there existed some stable hydrophobic regions, which could interact with a hydrophobic reagent 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid, in the partially folded intermediate of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens a-amylase; and the results of fluorescence quenching using acrylamide and potassium iodide as quenchers showed the distribution of Trp residues in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens a-amylase in different denaturation solution, with the maximum number (8) of tryptophan residues in a partially folded intermediate Bacillus amyloliquefaciens a-amylase molecule could be quenched by potassium iodide; and the results of their protein electrophoresis and SEC showed that no aggregate or aggregate precipitation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens a-amylase formed during the whole unfolding procedure of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens a-amylase induced by guanidine hydrochloride.

内源荧光光谱和荧光相图结果表明，当变性液中盐酸胍浓度约为1.0 mol/L时，芽孢杆菌a-淀粉酶的去折叠过程中出现一个部分折叠中间体，其去折叠过程符合&三态模型&；荧光探针结果表明，在溶液中盐酸胍浓度约为1.0 mol/L时，中间态芽孢杆菌a-淀粉酶分子中存在着能够与探针分子1-苯胺基-8-萘磺酸结合的稳定的疏水区域；荧光猝灭研究给出了不同程度变性的淀粉液化芽孢杆菌a-淀粉酶中的Trp的分布情况，结果表明中间态芽孢杆菌a-淀粉酶分子中能够被碘化钾猝灭的位于分子表面的色氨酸残基数目达到最大的8个；蛋白电泳和体积排阻色谱结果表明，在盐酸胍诱导的芽孢杆菌a-淀粉酶分子的整个去折叠过程中，不会以共价键或非共价键形式形成芽孢杆菌a-淀粉酶分子之间的集聚体或集聚体沉淀。

The results show that the degradation effectiveness of PVA was optimum when potassium ferrate and sodium hypochlorite were jointly used as the oxidative agent. The removal rate of PVA and COD was more than 98% and 40% under the conditions that the concentration of PVA was 3.0 g/L and the pH value was 7.2, the dosage of potassium ferrate and sodium hypo chlorite were 0.32 g/L and 3.92 g/L, and the reaction time was 50 min. In the process of united oxidative degradation, the chain of PVA was cut off and many low molecular weight compounds were formed. The main degradation products were carboxyl compounds.

结果表明，用高铁酸钾与次氯酸钠联合氧化PVA时，降解效果最佳；在3.0 g/L，pH值为7.2的PVA溶液中，当高铁酸钾与次氯酸钠的投加量分别为0.32 g/L、3.92 g/L，反应时间为50 min时，PVA的去除率大于98%，COD去除率大于40%；在联合氧化降解过程中，PVA断链成小分子物质，最终降解产物主要为羧基化合物。

When asked, Murphy explained that Rowdy's success comes from his exquisite Pembroke type;"When you think of what a Pembroke should look like, you're picturing .Rowdy "

当被问及这个问题时，Murphy总是说Rowdy的成功来源于他精致的彭布鲁克模样；&当你想象彭布鲁克柯基应该长什么样时，你所想到的就是Rowdy&。

The results indicated that the accumulation of Mn in the cell wall (accumulation rate as high as 36.34%) and the vacuole of the leaves (accumulation rate as high as 65.64%) might be one of the mechanisms of tolerance and hyperaccumulation of Polygonum hydropiper to Mn. Most Mn in leaves were the speciation of H2O-solubility organic salts or manganese oxalates. The content of chlorophyll a did not change under different Mn concentration treatments except that its content decreased remarkably when Mn concentration was 8000μmol/L in solutions. The membranes were not banned by Mn when its concentration was less than 5000μmol/L in solutions; Under different Mn concentrations of Mn, the content of their soluble proteins of leaves had changed at some stage. The activity of SOD and POD were gradually improved with the increasing of Mn concentration, which could eliminate activated oxygen free radical, This might be the other physiological mechanism of tolerance and hyperaccumulation of Polygonum hydropiper responding to Mn.

结果表明：锰在水蓼叶片非活性代谢部分的积累是其解毒耐锰的主要机制之一；水蓼叶片中的锰大部分以水溶性有机盐或草酸锰的形态存在；在锰浓度处理为8000μmol/L时，叶绿素a含量显著降低，而在其它处理条件下，叶绿素a无明显变化；在锰处理≤5000μmol/L时水蓼叶片的细胞膜还没有受到明显伤害；水蓼叶片的可溶性蛋白含量随锰处理浓度不同而变化，说明植物在代谢和结构上发生了调整；随锰处理浓度的增加，水蓼叶片SOD和POD活性提高，保护酶活性的提高又可清除活性氧自由基，这是水蓼耐高锰和累积锰的一种生理响应机制。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。